Systems and Methods for monitoring characteristics of a water sample taken from a water facility (WF), by using a first light source emitting light at a first wavelength, and an additional light source, emitting light at an additional wavelength which is distinctly different from the first wavelength; for each light source, performing a measurement of the water sample, using an optical sensor outputting updated sensor data and a spectral detector, outputting updated detector data; and determining adjustment properties for adjustment of an analysis model, used for ongoing determination of water characteristics such as the water turbidity level, based on comparison between the measurements for each of the light sources.

An optical sensor may be used to measure the concentration of calcium in a water sample, such as a water sample obtained from industrial process water system like a cooling tower system, a boiler water system, or a waste water system. To measure the concentration of calcium, an indicator or reagent may be added to the water sample to form a complex that absorbs light. The absorbance profile of the complex may be non-linear over a range of calcium concentrations. However, the absorbance profile can be linearized to provide calibration coefficients that are subsequently used to determine the concentration of calcium in samples having unknown calcium concentrations. The linearization of the absorbance profile can allow the optical sensor to be calibrated using two solutions. This can reduce the complexity and cost of calibrating the optical sensor, which may otherwise require at least three calibration solutions to capture the non-linear profile of the absorbance curve.

A method of application to provide a workable solution for tracking the hardness of water utilizing an ion selective electrode by tracking the relative hardness of water at the outflow or egress of an ion exchange column. A monovalent cation exchange membrane (ion selective electrode) distinguishes hard water and softened water in a water flow stream. A voltage is applied across the membrane, facilitating the movement of sodium though the membrane (such that anions and divalent ions are excluded), and the current is measured. The change in current (delta current) is used to determine the hard water concentration or level of hardness in an influent stream. A second application estimates or detects the exhaustion of an ion exchanger, and/or determines the regeneration time/cycle of the ion exchanger through the use of an ion selective membrane. Blending of the influent hard water and effluent soft water allows a user to control hardness levels of the effluent.

A sensing device includes a first sensor configured to capture a first analyte in a fluid medium and to generate a first signal in response to capturing the first analyte. The sensing device also includes a second sensor configured to capture a second analyte in the fluid medium and to generate a second signal in response to capturing the second analyte, where the second analyte is different from the first analyte. The sensing device further includes a detector configured to collect the first and second signals to provide a total signal and to calculate a total concentration of the first and the second analyte in the fluid medium based on the total signal.

A method of actuating a water softening system is provided. The method comprises providing a sensing device containing sensing material in a water treatment tank of the water softening system, the sensing device being positioned at a top of the water treatment tank with a body thereof partially embedded in a resin bed of the water treatment tank.

A method and system of treatment with scale inhibitor, including adding scale inhibitor to source water to give injection water, conveying the injection water in a surface conduit to an injection well for injection into an oil reservoir in a subterranean formation, pumping the injection water through a wellbore of the injection well into the oil reservoir, obtaining a sample of the injection water (including suspended solids), and analyzing the suspended solids.

With respect to atmospheric steam generating humidifiers, the present disclosure resolves the problem of end-users not adjusting the drain interval of the humidifier by using an electronic controller to automatically choose an appropriate drain interval without requiring any user input. The electronic controller accomplishes this by receiving input data from a sensor that measures a water quality parameter, automatically determining a drain interval based on the received data, and sending an output control signal to a drain water control valve to execute a drain event in accordance with the drain interval. In some examples, the electronic controller utilizes a look-up table correlating the water quality parameter to a total dissolved solids or cycles of concentration value.

An apparatus for determining total hardness in a fluid stream utilizing an ion exchange column in a monovalent cationic form having an inlet and an outlet, where one or more monovalent ion selective electrodes are positioned either at an inlet, outlet, or at both locations simultaneously. The monovalent cation selective electrodes are in electrical communication with one another, and in fluid communication with one or more valves incorporated within a fluid path in order to introduce feed water/softened water to the monovalent cation selective electrodes. Additionally, one blending valve may be incorporated in the ion exchange column to allow a fraction of the feed (hard) water to mix with a fraction of the softened water. In this manner, the blending valve may be utilized to adjust the hardness of the water at the output.

An apparatus for determining total hardness in a fluid stream utilizing an ion exchange column in a monovalent cationic form having an inlet and an outlet, where one or more monovalent ion selective electrodes are positioned either at an inlet, outlet, or at both locations simultaneously. The monovalent cation selective electrodes are in electrical communication with one another, and in fluid communication with one or more valves incorporated within a fluid path in order to introduce feed water/softened water to the monovalent cation selective electrodes. Additionally, one blending valve may be incorporated in the ion exchange column to allow a fraction of the feed (hard) water to mix with a fraction of the softened water. In this manner, the blending valve may be utilized to adjust the hardness of the water at the output.

Systems and Methods for monitoring characteristics of a water sample taken from a water facility (WF), by using a first light source emitting light at a first wavelength, and an additional light source, emitting light at an additional wavelength which is distinctly different from the first wavelength; for each light source, performing a measurement of the water sample, using an optical sensor outputting updated sensor data and a spectral detector, outputting updated detector data; and determining adjustment properties for adjustment of an analysis model, used for ongoing determination of water characteristics such as the water turbidity level, based on comparison between the measurements for each of the light sources.