Systems and methods are described for determining position of a receiver. The positioning system comprises a transmitter network including transmitters that broadcast positioning signals. The positioning system comprises a remote receiver that acquires and tracks the positioning signals and/or satellite signals. The satellite signals are signals of a satellite-based positioning system. A first mode of the remote receiver uses terminal-based positioning in which the remote receiver computes a position using the positioning signals and/or the satellite signals. The positioning system comprises a server coupled to the remote receiver. A second operating mode of the remote receiver comprises network-based positioning in which the server computes a position of the remote receiver from the positioning signals and/or satellite signals, where the remote receiver receives and transfers to the server the positioning signals and/or satellite signals.

Disclosed are, according to various embodiments, a method for transmitting, by a user equipment (UE), a first collective perception message (CPM) in a wireless communication system supporting a sidelink, and an apparatus therefor. Disclosed are the method and the apparatus therefor, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining first object information on surrounding objects through a sensor; receiving a second CPM including second object information; and transmitting the first CPM including the first object information and location information for the UE, wherein the second CPM further includes information on a location reliability of the second object information, the position information of the UE is corrected by applying an offset, based on the first object information and the second object information being object information for the same object, and the offset is determined by applying a ratio between a first position reliability related to the position information of the UE and the second position reliability included in the second CPM to a distance between an object position based on the first object information and an object position based on the second object information.

Disclosed are, according to various embodiments, a method for transmitting, by a user equipment (UE), a first collective perception message (CPM) in a wireless communication system supporting a sidelink, and an apparatus therefor. Disclosed are the method and the apparatus therefor, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining first object information on surrounding objects through a sensor; receiving a second CPM including second object information; and transmitting the first CPM including the first object information and location information for the UE, wherein the second CPM further includes information on a location reliability of the second object information, the position information of the UE is corrected by applying an offset, based on the first object information and the second object information being object information for the same object, and the offset is determined by applying a ratio between a first position reliability related to the position information of the UE and the second position reliability included in the second CPM to a distance between an object position based on the first object information and an object position based on the second object information.

This disclosure provides systems, devices, apparatus, and methods, including computer programs encoded on storage media, for GNSS validity reporting in NTNs. A UE may transmit, to a network entity, a report of a validity duration for GNSS tracking information. The GNSS tracking information may be associated with an NTN including the UE and the network entity. The report may include an indication of a remaining time period of the validity duration based on a threshold. The UE may switch to an RRC idle mode based on the report of the validity duration. The RRC idle mode may be switched to after an expiration of the remaining time period of the validity duration or based on an RRC release message received from the network entity.

This disclosure provides systems, devices, apparatus, and methods, including computer programs encoded on storage media, for GNSS validity reporting in NTNs. A UE may transmit, to a network entity, a report of a validity duration for GNSS tracking information. The GNSS tracking information may be associated with an NTN including the UE and the network entity. The report may include an indication of a remaining time period of the validity duration based on a threshold. The UE may switch to an RRC idle mode based on the report of the validity duration. The RRC idle mode may be switched to after an expiration of the remaining time period of the validity duration or based on an RRC release message received from the network entity.

Embeddings of spherical triangles onto a planar surface permit locations on a sphere to be represented as cells on the planar surface. Embeddings can define paths based on one or more sets of great circles on the sphere which can in turn be based on rotations of an icosahedron about various axes. Distances between locations as well as locations themselves can be determined as integer values unlike conventional latitude/longitude based systems that require floating point arithmetic. Some locations correspond to cells on different paths defined by one or more sets of great circles. Distance between two locations can be estimated as a minimum of distances associated with the cell locations on the different paths. Methods for processing data defined with respect to an origin point in three-dimensional space include establishing a set of concentric spherical shells with the origin point as their origin and establishing a discrete global grid on each of the concentric spherical shells. Target locations are assigned in the three-dimensional space using a corresponding index on a spherical shell.

Embeddings of spherical triangles onto a planar surface permit locations on a sphere to be represented as cells on the planar surface. Embeddings can define paths based on one or more sets of great circles on the sphere which can in turn be based on rotations of an icosahedron about various axes. Distances between locations as well as locations themselves can be determined as integer values unlike conventional latitude/longitude based systems that require floating point arithmetic. Some locations correspond to cells on different paths defined by one or more sets of great circles. Distance between two locations can be estimated as a minimum of distances associated with the cell locations on the different paths. Methods for processing data defined with respect to an origin point in three-dimensional space include establishing a set of concentric spherical shells with the origin point as their origin and establishing a discrete global grid on each of the concentric spherical shells. Target locations are assigned in the three-dimensional space using a corresponding index on a spherical shell.

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to identifying points of interest by generating and storing virtual geofence information that is captured around a physical structure based in part on global positioning system (GPS) data from a plurality of devices that is then processed to identify GPS trajectory and kernel density estimation. Specifically, the techniques include receiving, at the network-based control computer, GPS data from a plurality of devices and grouping the GPS data from the plurality of devices to generate GPS trajectory information for each group of the plurality of devices. Based on the GPS trajectory information, the network-based control computer may calculate kernel density estimation and determine an isoline on a virtual map for the each group of the plurality of devices. By overlaying the isoline data on a geographic coordinate information of a physical structure, the network-based control computer may generate a virtual geofence around the physical structure and store, in a memory, geofence information for the facility.

A method for GNSS-based localization of a vehicle includes receiving a first set of satellite orbit data, using the first set of satellite orbit data when determining a first localization result, receiving a second set of satellite orbit data, checking a plausibility of the first set of satellite orbit data using the second set of satellite orbit data, and manipulating the first set of satellite orbit data and/or the first localization result and/or a localization filter when the plausibility check was not successful.

A method for GNSS-based localization of a vehicle includes receiving a first set of satellite orbit data, using the first set of satellite orbit data when determining a first localization result, receiving a second set of satellite orbit data, checking a plausibility of the first set of satellite orbit data using the second set of satellite orbit data, and manipulating the first set of satellite orbit data and/or the first localization result and/or a localization filter when the plausibility check was not successful.