A DE energy weapon and tracking system includes a passive millimeter wave (PmmW) imaging receiver on a common gimbaled telescope to sense natural electromagnetic radiation from a mmW scene. The PmmW imaging receiver operates in a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum distinct from the IR bands associated with thermal blooming or the HEL laser. In the case of a HPM source, the reflected energy is either in a different RF band and/or of diminished amplitude such as to not interfere with operation of the PmmW imaging receiver. Although lower resolution than traditional optical imaging, PmmW imaging provides a viable alternative for target tracking when the DE weapon is actively prosecuting the target and provides additional tracking information when the DE weapon is not engaged.

Methods and systems for spatial filtering transmitters and receivers capable of simultaneous communication with one or more receivers and transmitters, respectively, the receivers capable of outputting source directions to humans or devices. The methods and systems use spherical wave field partial wave expansion (PWE) models for transmitted and received fields at antennas and for waves generated by contributing sources. The source PWE models have expansion coefficients expressed as functions of directional coordinates of the sources. For spatial filtering receivers a processor uses the output signals from at least one sensor outputting signals consistent with Nyquist criteria representative of the wave field and the source PWE model to determines directional coordinates of sources (wherein the number of floating point operations are reduced) and outputs the directional coordinates and communications to a reporter configured for reporting information to humans. For spatial filtering transmitters a processor uses known receiver directions and source partial wave expansions to generate signals for transducers producing a composite total wave field conveying communications to the specified receivers. The methods and communications reduce the processing required for transmitting and receiving spatially filtered communications.

Procedures are disclosed to enable a wireless device to determine its alignment direction toward a base station or another device in 5G or 6G, using a “phased beam-alignment pulse”, which is a transmitted pulse having phase modulation that varies with angle. For example, the pulse may be transmitted spanning 360 degrees of angle, and may be phase modulated varying from 0 to 360 degrees of phase in the same angular range. A user device can receive the phased beam-alignment pulse and immediately determine, from the phase, the alignment angle toward the transmitter. In another embodiment, the transmitter transmits a uniform, non-directional pulse, and the receiver receives it using an antenna configured to impose an angle-dependent phase shift, thereby indicating the alignment direction. With either method, wireless entities can align their beams rapidly and efficiently, using just one or two resource elements, without complex encoding or time-consuming handshaking.

An ultra-wideband (“UWB”) communication system comprising a transmitter having two transmit antennas and a receiver having a single receive antenna. Respective selected portions of the UWB signal are transmitted by the transmitter via each of transmit antennas is received at the receive antenna. By comparing the phases of the received signal portions, the phase difference of departure can be determined. From this phase difference and the known distance, d, between the transmit antennas, the Cartesian (x, y) location of the transmitter relative to the receiver can be directly determined.

In some aspects, a mobile device may receive, from a transmitting device, the signal by a plurality of antennas. The mobile device may measure one or more phase differences among the signal received at the plurality of antennas. The mobile device may determine a first set of possible values for the angle of arrival that are consistent with the one or more phase differences. The mobile device may measure one or more signal values using one or more sensors of the mobile device. The mobile device may for each of the first set of possible values, determining a confidence score based on the one or more signal values. The mobile device may select, based on the confidence scores, one of the first set of possible values as the angle of arrival.

A directive direction finding apparatus may comprise: a directivity-enabled antenna array in which a constituent antenna or antenna subarray has directivity in the same direction; an RF/IF receiver connected to the directivity-enabled antenna array; a digital receiver connected to the RF/IF receiver; a direction finder connected to the digital receiver; a directivity control unit to control an operation of the directivity-enabled antenna array; and a transport/control interface connected to the direction finder and to manage control and operation of the directivity-enabled antenna array, the RF/IF receiver, the digital receiver, the direction finder and the directive control unit.

The present invention relates to an amplitude goniometer comprises P receiver channels, P being greater than or equal to 2, each receiver channel being identified by an index p, each receiver channel comprising an antenna coupled to a receiver chain followed by at least two digital receiver modules each comprising an analogue-to-digital conversion module associated with a respective sampling frequency, each sampling frequency not complying with the Shannon criterion and not being a multiple of another frequency, N being the number of frequencies, N being greater than or equal to 2, each frequency being referenced by an index n, the amplitude goniometry estimator working from the amplitudes of the signals originating from at least Q adjacent receiver channels of the P receiver channels, Q being at most equal to P, the sampling frequencies being associated with the analogue-to-digital conversion modules of the Q adjacent receiver channels.

According to one embodiment, an electronic apparatus includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry estimates a first AoA of an arrival wave corresponding to a received signal from a receiving element array. The processing circuitry determines whether the estimated first AoA is an outlier or not. The processing circuitry outputs the first AoA as a second AoA, when the first AoA is not to be an outlier. The processing circuitry acquires one or more main-lobe angles assuming that the first AoA is a side-lobe angle of the receiving element array, when the first AoA is to be an outlier. The processing circuitry determines whether the main-lobe angle is an outlier or not. The processing circuitry outputs the main-lobe angle as the second AoA, when the main-lobe angle is not to be an outlier.

Implementations of a method of detecting a plurality of radio pulses may include, using a signal processor, combining at least three pulses included in radio data collected over a first time interval by a directional antenna coupled with a software defined radio coupled with a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the UAV coupled with a base station including the signal processor; determining a detected time for each of the at least three pulses in the first time interval; using the detected time for each of the at least three pulses, predicting a future time for each of at least three future pulses; and, using the software defined radio and directional antenna, listening for each of the at least three future pulses in radio data over a second time interval.

Systems and methods for detecting radio frequency (“RF”) signals and corresponding origination locations are disclosed. An RF sensor device includes a software-defined radio and an antenna pair for receiving RF signals. Furthermore the RF sensor device may include a processing unit for processing/analyzing the RF signals, or the processing unit may be remote. The system calculates a phase difference between an RF signal received at two separate antennas of an antenna pair. The phase difference, the distance between the antennas, and the frequency of the RF signal are used for determining the origination direction of the RF signal. In various embodiments, the origination direction may indicate the location of a UAV controller or base station. The software-defined radio may include more than one antenna pair, connected to multiplexers, for efficiently scanning different frequencies by alternating active antenna pairs. Moreover, the system may execute packet-based processing on the RF signal data.