An optical film includes a polarizer. The polarizer includes a base layer, and a material of the base layer is obtained by dyeing a base material with a dye. The base material includes a polyvinyl alcohol material, and the dye is selected from blue dichroism organic dyes.

An optical film includes a polarizer. The polarizer includes a base layer, and a material of the base layer is obtained by dyeing a base material with a dye. The base material includes a polyvinyl alcohol material, and the dye is selected from blue dichroism organic dyes.

Optical devices with different regions or pixels can form an image. An opaque-region 14 can be used to separate different pixels. Sometimes the optical device needs to be flexible, for elongation or stretching onto a curved surface. But, the opaque-region 14 can be damaged as it is stretched. A flexible optical device can include a modified opaque-region 14 for improved flexibility. The opaque-region 14 can include a thin-film 12 with multiple cavities 13, multiple zones 63, or both. Each zone 63 can have a shape optimized to both block incoming light and for flexibility. Each zone 63 can be encircled and separated from adjacent zones 63 by a groove 62. The cavities 13 and the separate zones 63 can allow the opaque-region 14 to bend or stretch without cracking or delamination of the thin-film 12.

Optical devices with different regions or pixels can form an image. An opaque-region 14 can be used to separate different pixels. Sometimes the optical device needs to be flexible, for elongation or stretching onto a curved surface. But, the opaque-region 14 can be damaged as it is stretched. A flexible optical device can include a modified opaque-region 14 for improved flexibility. The opaque-region 14 can include a thin-film 12 with multiple cavities 13, multiple zones 63, or both. Each zone 63 can have a shape optimized to both block incoming light and for flexibility. Each zone 63 can be encircled and separated from adjacent zones 63 by a groove 62. The cavities 13 and the separate zones 63 can allow the opaque-region 14 to bend or stretch without cracking or delamination of the thin-film 12.

A crystal for flow cytometry with dual laser beams is disclosed. The crystal is a birefringent crystal comprising a material composition including a quartz mineral having a face side including a face angle of ninety degrees plus or minus one tenth of a degree; a wedge side that is substantially perpendicular to the face side, wherein the wedge side includes a wedge angle of two degrees plus or minus one tenth of a degree; and a major side that is substantially perpendicular to the face side and the wedge side. The major side includes a thickness of one and one-half millimeter plus or minus one tenth of a millimeter. A polarized light beam entering the birefringent crystal at an incident angle is separated into an ordinary light beam and an extraordinary light beam.

A crystal for flow cytometry with dual laser beams is disclosed. The crystal is a birefringent crystal comprising a material composition including a quartz mineral having a face side including a face angle of ninety degrees plus or minus one tenth of a degree; a wedge side that is substantially perpendicular to the face side, wherein the wedge side includes a wedge angle of two degrees plus or minus one tenth of a degree; and a major side that is substantially perpendicular to the face side and the wedge side. The major side includes a thickness of one and one-half millimeter plus or minus one tenth of a millimeter. A polarized light beam entering the birefringent crystal at an incident angle is separated into an ordinary light beam and an extraordinary light beam.

A polarizing plate and an optical display comprising the same are disclosed. The polarizing plate includes: a polarizer and a first protective layer stacked on one surface of the polarizer via a bonding layer, wherein the bonding layer is formed of a bonding layer composition including an epoxy compound and a photocationic initiator, and the polarizing plate has a chrominance variation ΔE of 5.2 or less, as calculated by Equation 1.

A polarizing plate and an optical display comprising the same are disclosed. The polarizing plate includes: a polarizer and a first protective layer stacked on one surface of the polarizer via a bonding layer, wherein the bonding layer is formed of a bonding layer composition including an epoxy compound and a photocationic initiator, and the polarizing plate has a chrominance variation ΔE of 5.2 or less, as calculated by Equation 1.

A method of forming an organic solid crystal (OSC) thin film includes forming a layer of a non-volatile medium material over a surface of a mold, forming a layer of a molecular feedstock over a surface of the non-volatile medium material, the molecular feedstock including an organic solid crystal precursor, forming crystal nuclei from the organic solid crystal precursor, and growing the crystal nuclei to form the organic solid crystal thin film. An organic solid crystal (OSC) thin film may include a biaxially-oriented organic solid crystal layer having mutually orthogonal refractive indices, n.sub.1≠n.sub.2≠n.sub.3.

Provided are a polarizer comprising a polyvinyl alcohol-based film and having an endothermic peak of 50° C. to 60° C. when measured by differential scanning calorimetry at a temperature increase rate of 10° C./min; a polarizing plate comprising a polarizer and a first protective film and a second protective film laminated on one surface and the other surface of the polarizer, respectively, and having an initial shrinkage initiation temperature greater than 70° C. and less than or equal to 90° C. during thermomechanical analysis; and an optical display device comprising same.