An image display apparatus that makes it possible to improve the tracking accuracy, while making the image display apparatus smaller in size. An image display apparatus includes a light source section that emits image display light OL used to display an image, and light CL conjugate to the image display light OL; an optical system that projects the image display light OL emitted by the light source section onto a pupil of an eye of a user, and projects the conjugate light CL emitted by the light source section onto a portion around the pupil of the eye of the user; a detector that detects reflected light that corresponds to the conjugate light CL projected by the optical system to be reflected off the portion around the pupil; and a controller that controls a position of a display-target image on the basis of the reflected light detected by the detector.

An optical combiner includes a first layer with a periodic two-dimensional arrangement of structures arranged to support resonance for an input signal of a target wavelength, wherein the structures have a first refractive index. A second layer overlies the structures on the first layer, wherein the second layer includes a second material with a second refractive index, and wherein a difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index, measured at 587.5 nm, is less than about 1.5. The periodic arrangement of structures is configured such that the optical combiner produces, for the input signal incident on the first layer from air at an oblique elevation angle of greater than about 20°, an output signal with a reflection peak with an average reflection of greater than about 50% within a ± 5° range of the elevation angle.

The present disclosure provides a display film. The display film includes a substrate and a film stack provided on the substrate, wherein the film stack sequentially includes: a first high-refractive-index layer, a transflective coating layer and a second high-refractive-index layer; and the transflective coating layer is made of at least one metal and an oxide of the metal, or at least one metal and a nitride of the metal, or at least one metal and a nitride and an oxide of the metal. The present disclosure further provides a display assembly using the display film. The display assembly of the present disclosure can display projected information.

A projection arrangement for a head-up display, including a composite pane, including an outer pane and an inner pane, which are joined to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer, having an upper edge and a lower edge and an HUD region; an electrically conductive coating on the surface of the outer pane or the inner pane facing the intermediate layer or provided within the intermediate layer; and a projector that is aimed at the HUD region; wherein the light of the projector has at least one p-polarised portion and wherein the electrically conductive coating has, in the spectral range from 400 nm to 650 nm, only a single local reflection maximum for p-polarised light, with this maximum in the range from 510 nm to 550 nm.

An imaging system includes a light source configured to generate a light beam. The system also includes first and second light guiding optical elements having respective first and second entry portions, and configured to propagate at least respective first and second portions of the light beam by total internal reflection. The system further includes a light distributor having a light distributor entry portion, a first exit portion, and a second exit portion. The light distributor is configured to direct the first and second portions of the light beam toward the first and second entry portions, respectively. The light distributor entry portion and the first exit portion are aligned along a first axis. The light distributor entry portion and the second exit portion are aligned along a second axis different from the first axis.

A transparent substrate has two parallel faces and guides collimated image light by internal reflection. A first set of internal surfaces is deployed within the substrate oblique to the parallel faces. A second set of internal surfaces is deployed within the substrate parallel to, interleaved and in overlapping relation with the first set of internal surfaces. Each of the internal surfaces of the first set includes a first coating having a first reflection characteristic to be at least partially reflective to at least a first subset of components of incident light. Each of the internal surfaces of the second set includes a second coating having a second reflection characteristic complementary to the first reflection characteristic to be at least partially reflective to at least a second subset of components of incident light. The sets of internal surfaces cooperate to reflect all components of light from the first and second subsets.

The present disclosure relates to an optical functional film for a head-up display, having two or more slow axis zones different in slow axis angles in the same plane, wherein a maximum difference between slow axis angles is more than 5° and less than 30°.

A laminated glass, a method for producing a laminated glass, and a reflective film that has end parts where the generation of wrinkles is prevented in a case where the laminated glass is produced by sandwiching the reflective film between two glass plates and that has a reflection wavelength range with a small variation are provided. The reflective film has wavelength-selective reflectivity. A thermal shrinkage rate in a case where the reflective film is held at 140° C. for 30 minutes is greater than 0.5% and smaller than 2.0%. The reflective film has at least one cutout portion on a side edge of the reflective film.

Wearable spectroscopy systems and methods for identifying one or more characteristics of a target object are described. Spectroscopy systems may include a light source configured to emit light in an irradiated field of view and an electromagnetic radiation detector configured to receive reflected light from a target object irradiated by the light source. One or more processors of the systems may identify a characteristic of the target object based on a determined level of light absorption by the target object. Some systems and methods may include one or more corrections for scattered and/or ambient light such as applying an ambient light correction, passing the reflected light through an anti-scatter grid, or using a time-dependent variation in the emitted light.

An eye is illuminated with illumination light. A wavefront image of retina-reflected light is generated and an accommodative eye state value is determined based at least in part on the wavefront image.