A method of forming a structural color filter includes: depositing a first metal layer on a surface of a substrate by applying an electric potential to the substrate; depositing a first dielectric layer on the first metal layer by contacting the first metal layer with a second electrolyte; and depositing a second metal layer on the first dielectric layer. The surface of the substrate is in contact with a first electrolyte; the first electrolyte comprises a first precursor, an electrochemical reaction of the first precursor at the surface of the substrate is driven by the electric potential; the depositing the first metal layer on the surface of the substrate is performed at a temperature of less than or equal to 50° C. The second electrolyte comprises a second precursor of a first dielectric material of the first dielectric layer.

A robust conjugate symmetric optical apparatus is disclosed. The robust conjugate symmetric optical apparatus comprises a first optical cell set and a second optical cell set. The first optical cell set includes a first plurality of cells, each of which includes a first left half cell and a first right half cell, and the respective first right half cell and the corresponding first left half cells form a first symmetric structure therebetween. The second optical cell set includes a second plurality of cells, each of which includes a second left half cell and a second right half cell, and the respective second right half cell and the corresponding second left half cells form a second symmetric structure therebetween, wherein each of the first left half cells of the first optical cell set and each of the second right half cells of the second optical cell set have the same structure; and each of the first right half cells of the first optical cell set and each of the second left half cells of the second optical cell set have the same structure.

A security article includes an optical component that includes a plurality of optical channels with a Fano resonance characteristic. An optical channel, of the plurality of optical channels, is configured to pass a first portion of a first set of light beams (that are associated with a first wavelength range) when the first set of light beams falls incident on at least one of a first surface or a second surface of the optical channel, reflect a second portion of the first set of light beams when the first set of light beams falls incident on the first surface of the optical channel, and reflect at least a portion of a second set of light beams (that are associated with a second wavelength range) when the second set of light beams falls incident on the second surface of the optical channel.

An optical sensor device includes an optical sensor; an optical filter; a phase mask configured to distribute a plurality of light beams associated with a subject in an encoded pattern; a movement component configured to move the phase mask; and one or more processors configured to: obtain, from the optical sensor, a first set of sensor data that indicates information related to first light that originates at the subject and passes through the phase mask when the phase mask is located at a first position; obtain, from the optical sensor, a second set of sensor data that indicates information related to second light that originates at the subject and passes through the phase mask when the phase mask is located at a second position; determine and provide, based on the first set of sensor data and the second set of sensor data, information associated with the subject.

An optical filter includes a plurality of optical channels that each have a Fano resonance characteristic. A first optical channel, of the plurality of optical channels, is configured to pass a first portion of a first set of light beams (that are associated with a first wavelength range) and reflect a second portion of the first set of light beams when the first set of light beams falls incident on a particular surface of the first optical channel. A second optical channel, of the plurality of optical channels, is configured to pass a first portion of a second set of light beams (that are associated with a second wavelength range) and reflect a second portion of the second set of light beams when the second set of light beams falls incident on a particular surface of the second optical channel.

An optical filter device includes a wavelength variable interference filter that includes a pair of reflective films which face each other, and a fixed substrate in which one of the pair of reflective films is provided; a base to which the fixed substrate is fixed; and a fixing member which fixes one place on the fixed substrate to the base, a surface which is on other place of the one place of the substrate and the base are disposed with a gap therebetween.

Provided are a spectral filter, and an image sensor and an electronic device including the spectral filter. The spectral filter includes: a first metal reflective layer; a second metal reflective layer provided above the first metal reflective layer; a plurality of cavities provided between the first and second metal reflective layers, the plurality of cavities including first patterns corresponding to different center wavelengths; and a plurality of lower pattern films provided below the first metal reflective layers, the plurality of lower pattern films including second patterns corresponding to the different center wavelengths.

In some implementations, an optical interference filter includes a substrate; and a set of layers that are disposed on the substrate. The set of layers includes a first subset of layers, wherein the first subset of layers comprises an aluminum nitride (AlN) material; and a second subset of layers, wherein the second subset of layers comprises a hydrogenated silicon (Si:H) material.

In some implementations, an optical interference filter includes a substrate; and a set of layers that are disposed on the substrate. The set of layers includes a first subset of layers, wherein the first subset of layers comprises an aluminum nitride (AlN) material, and wherein a stress of the first subset of layers is between −1000 and 800 megapascals; and a second subset of layers, wherein the second subset of layers comprises at least one other material.

A filter array includes optical filters that are disposed in a two-dimensional plane. At least one optical filter of the optical filters includes an interference layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, and a reflective layer provided on the first surface. A transmission spectrum of the at least one optical filter has maximum values. The reflective layer is not provided on the second surface.