An object of the present invention is to provide a polarizer having a high degree of alignment and an image display device including the polarizer. The polarizer according to the embodiment of the present invention is a polarizer which is formed of a polarizer-forming composition containing a polymer liquid crystal compound and a dichroic material, in which the polymer liquid crystal compound is a thermotropic liquid crystal and a crystalline polymer, and the polymer liquid crystal compound and the dichroic material are horizontally aligned.

According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer including polymers and liquid crystal molecules, and a light-emitting element. The first substrate includes a transparent substrate, a scanning line, a signal line crossing the scanning line, a switching element electrically connected to the scanning line and the signal line, an organic insulating film overlapping the switching element, and a pixel electrode electrically connected to the switching element. A thickness of the organic insulating film located between the transparent substrate and the pixel electrode is less than a thickness of the organic insulating film overlapping the switching element.

A system such as a vehicle, building, or electronic device system may have a support structure with one or more windows. The support structure and window may separate an interior region within the system from a surrounding exterior region. Control circuitry may receive input such as user input and may adjust an adjustable layer in the window based on the input. The adjustable layer may have a polymer matrix layer with embedded cells. The cells may include intermixed guest-host liquid crystal cells and liquid crystal cells. The guest-host liquid crystal cells and liquid crystal cells may have different liquid crystal materials and/or different sizes that allow the guest-host liquid crystal cells and liquid crystal cells to electrically switch states at different respective threshold voltages. Based on the user input or other input the control circuitry can adjust a drive signal across the adjustable layer to change light transmittance and haze.

According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first substrate including a light-shielding layer and a conductive line having a first side surface and a second side surface on a side opposite to the first side surface, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate, and including a polymer and liquid crystal molecules, and a light-emitting element opposed to an end portion of at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first side surface is closer to the light-emitting element than the second side surface, and the light-shielding layer covers at least the first side surface of the conductive line.

A transparent electrode is described and includes metallic nanowires and a polymeric overcoat layer for protecting the nanowires from corrosion and abrasion. The polymeric overcoat layer includes nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of antimony tin oxide, zinc oxide and indium tin oxide, and has a sheet resistance of greater than about 107 ohm/sq. The transparent electrode can be used in electronic displays such as polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, liquid crystal, electrophoretic, electrochromic, thermochromic, electroluminescent and plasma displays.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) display of the FFS type comprising a liquid crystal medium with negative dielectric anisotropy and a di- or multireactive polymerizable compound, and an alignment layer inducing planar alignment in the LC medium.

A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a first orientation state and a second orientation state different from the first orientation state under an applied voltage, the first and second polymer film substrates have an in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.

The present application relates to a light modulation device and a use thereof. The present application can provide a light modulation device having both excellent mechanical properties and optical properties by applying a polymer film that is also optically anisotropic and mechanically anisotropic to a substrate.

A liquid crystal device and a method of forming a liquid crystal device are disclosed. The device comprises a layer of liquid crystal material bounded by a first cell wall and a second cell wall, the first cell wall being provided with a first electrode structure and the second cell wall being provided with a second electrode structure. The first cell wall and the second cell wall are separated by a distance d.sub.c, wherein the layer of liquid crystal material is associated with a plurality of defect generation sites. Defects are generated by the defect generation sites, increasing switching speed and decreasing the time it takes to switch large area displays employing such devices.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PM-VA, SS-VA, PALC, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS or PS-FFS effect.