A method of aligning a chiral nematic liquid crystal (103), the method comprising depositing a first chiral nematic liquid crystal (103) onto a first substrate (102), positioning a second substrate (104) on top of the liquid crystal (103) to form an initial layer structure and then applying rolling pressure to at least one of the substrates (102, 104) of the initial layer structure to create a final layer structure in which the first chiral nematic liquid crystal (103) is aligned with a helical axis substantially perpendicular to a local plane of the first substrate (102). Aspects of the invention provide optical filter materials for laser protection applications, LED emission filtering and lighting, augmented reality display coatings.

According to one embodiment, a display device includes a gate line extending in a first direction, first and second source lines crossing the gate line and arranged in the first direction, a first light-shielding layer having first and second openings, and an oxide semiconductor layer crossing the gate line, and in the display device, the first opening and the second opening are arranged in a second direction crossing the first direction between the first source line and the second source line, the gate line is located between the first opening and the second opening, and the oxide semiconductor layer has a first overlapping portion overlapping the first opening.

An electronic device having a biometric sensor is provided. The electronic device includes a first region including a plurality of first pixels arranged in a first manner and a second region including a plurality of second pixels arranged in a second manner, a biometric sensor disposed in at least a part of the first region, and a processor electrically coupled with the display and the biometric sensor, and configured to receive a user input through the first region, and control the biometric sensor to detect biometric information corresponding to the user input.

An electronic device having a biometric sensor is provided. The electronic device includes a first region including a plurality of first pixels arranged in a first manner and a second region including a plurality of second pixels arranged in a second manner, a biometric sensor disposed in at least a part of the first region, and a processor electrically coupled with the display and the biometric sensor, and configured to receive a user input through the first region, and control the biometric sensor to detect biometric information corresponding to the user input.

A display substrate includes: a first base substrate (20), and gate lines (4) and data lines (5) on the first base substrate (20). The gate lines (4) extend in a first direction (X), and the data lines (5) extend in a second direction (Y). The gate lines (4) and the data lines (5) define pixel units, each of which includes a thin film transistor (7), a pixel electrode (8) and a common electrode (9). At least some of the pixel units are respectively configured with conductive bridge lines (10) provided in the same layer as the pixel electrode (8). In a pixel unit configured with the conductive bridge line (10), a first hollowed-out structure (13) and a second hollowed-out structure (14) are provided on opposite sides of the pixel electrode (8) in the first direction, to weaken or even eliminate mura (e.g., nonuniformity in brightness or color).

A display substrate, a fine metal mask set and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The display substrate includes a plurality of repeat units. Each of the plurality of repeat units includes one first-color sub-pixel, one second-color sub-pixel pair and one third-color sub-pixel which are arranged in a first direction, the second-color sub-pixel pair includes two second-color sub-pixels arranging in a second direction. Light-emitting layers of adjacent sub-pixels of two different colors in the first direction are connected with each other; light-emitting layers of the third-color sub-pixel and the second-color sub-pixel which are adjacent to each other in the second direction are connected with each other; and a spacing is disposed between the light-emitting layer of the first-color sub-pixel and the light-emitting layer of at least one of the second-color sub-pixel and the third-color sub-pixel which are adjacent to the first-color sub-pixel in the second direction.

A display substrate, a fine metal mask set and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The display substrate includes a plurality of repeat units. Each of the plurality of repeat units includes one first-color sub-pixel, one second-color sub-pixel pair and one third-color sub-pixel which are arranged in a first direction, the second-color sub-pixel pair includes two second-color sub-pixels arranging in a second direction. Light-emitting layers of adjacent sub-pixels of two different colors in the first direction are connected with each other; light-emitting layers of the third-color sub-pixel and the second-color sub-pixel which are adjacent to each other in the second direction are connected with each other; and a spacing is disposed between the light-emitting layer of the first-color sub-pixel and the light-emitting layer of at least one of the second-color sub-pixel and the third-color sub-pixel which are adjacent to the first-color sub-pixel in the second direction.

An optical switch is configured by providing a planar lightwave circuit layer on a top surface of a Si substrate. The circuit layer forms, on the top surface of the substrate, an optical waveguide including an underclad layer, an optical waveguide core, and an overclad layer. The optical waveguide is provided to have a structure configuring a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. A heater is provided at a position just above an arm of the core on the top surface of the clad layer, and power supply electric wires are electrically connected to both ends of the heater. In a local portion including an interface between the clad layer and the top surface of the substrate, trench structure portions as concave grooves are provided.

An optical switch is configured by providing a planar lightwave circuit layer on a top surface of a Si substrate. The circuit layer forms, on the top surface of the substrate, an optical waveguide including an underclad layer, an optical waveguide core, and an overclad layer. The optical waveguide is provided to have a structure configuring a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. A heater is provided at a position just above an arm of the core on the top surface of the clad layer, and power supply electric wires are electrically connected to both ends of the heater. In a local portion including an interface between the clad layer and the top surface of the substrate, trench structure portions as concave grooves are provided.

An array substrate and a display device is disclosed. The array substrate includes a base substrate, a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines arranged to intersect each other on the base substrate, a pixel electrode arranged in a region defined by an adjacent gate line and an adjacent data line, and a thin film transistor arranged at an intersection of the gate lines and the data lines. A drain of the thin film transistor is connected with the pixel electrode through a via hole. The gate lines further include a widening portion between adjacent data lines. The widening portion comprises a recess structure. An orthogonal projection of the recess structure on the base substrate at least partly overlaps that of the drain of the thin film transistor on the base substrate.