An image display device is provided that allows easy adjustment of positional deviation in an optical axis direction of an optical modulation element from the outside. The image display device includes: a housing including an operation surface; an optical modulation element that is housed in the housing and that includes an image-forming surface that modulates light to form an image; a holding portion that movably holds the optical modulation element at least in a direction perpendicular to the image-forming surface; and an adjusting portion including at least one wire member, one end of the wire member being connected to the holding portion and the other end rotatably attached to the operation surface. Holding portion includes a movable portion that is moved in a direction perpendicular to the image-forming surface by the rotation of the other end of the wire member.

A liquid crystal display device includes a first polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, and a second polarizer in this order from a viewing side, in which a first light absorption anisotropic layer is disposed on the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell, a second light absorption anisotropic layer is disposed on a non-viewing side of the liquid crystal cell, the first and second polarizers each have an absorption axis in a film surface, the absorption axis of the first polarizer is orthogonal to the absorption axis of the second polarizer, an angle θ1 between a transmittance central axis of the first anisotropic layer and a normal line of the film is in a range of 0° to 45°, and an angle θ2 between a transmittance central axis of the second anisotropic layer and a normal line of the film is in a range of 0° to 45°.

A display substrate, a method of manufacturing the display substrate, and a display device are provided. The display substrate includes: a base substrate, a plurality of sub-pixels, a gate driving circuit, a plurality of input contact pads, a plurality of output contact pads and a contact pad insulating layer. Surfaces of the input contact pads away from the base substrate and surfaces of the output contact pads away from the base substrate are exposed from the contact pad insulating layer. The contact pad insulating layer includes a first portion having a first thickness and a second portion having a second thickness smaller than the first thickness. Edges of the input contact pads and edges of the output contact pads are covered by the first portion. The second portion is located in the region between the input contact pads and the output contact pads.

[Object] An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound for use in the manufacture of a PSA or PSVA liquid crystal display device. The polymerizable compound has a sufficiently high polymerization rate. The PSA or PSVA liquid crystal display device has few or no display defects due to a change in pretilt angle, has an adequate pretilt angle, and has high responsiveness. The present invention also provides a liquid crystal display device having the liquid crystal composition. [Solution] The object is achieved by using a liquid crystal composition containing one or two or more polymerizable compounds represented by the general formula (I).

[Object] An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound for use in the manufacture of a PSA or PSVA liquid crystal display device. The polymerizable compound has a sufficiently high polymerization rate. The PSA or PSVA liquid crystal display device has few or no display defects due to a change in pretilt angle, has an adequate pretilt angle, and has high responsiveness. The present invention also provides a liquid crystal display device having the liquid crystal composition. [Solution] The object is achieved by using a liquid crystal composition containing one or two or more polymerizable compounds represented by the general formula (I).

According to the present invention, a color painted on a body panel may be freely changed to glossy or matte according to the individual tastes of a plurality of users or changes in the tastes of a single user.

A switchable privacy display comprises an emissive SLM, a parallax barrier, a switchable LC retarder, and passive retarders arranged between parallel output polarisers. In privacy mode, on-axis light from the SLM is directed without loss, whereas the parallax barrier and retarder layers cooperate to increase the VSL to off-axis snoopers. The display may be rotated to achieve privacy operation in landscape and portrait orientations. In public mode, the LC retardance is adjusted so that off-axis luminance is increased so that the image visibility is increased for multiple users. The display may also switch between day-time and night-time operation, for example for use in an automotive environment. A low reflectivity emissive display for use in ambient illumination comprises a SLM with emissive pixels, an absorptive parallax barrier and a high spectral leakage optical isolator. Head-on light from the pixels is directed with increased transmission efficiency while ambient light is strongly absorbed.

Improvements to gratings for use in waveguides and methods of producing them are described herein. Deep surface relief gratings (SRGs) may offer many advantages over conventional SRGs and Bragg gratings, an important one being a higher S-diffraction efficiency. In one embodiment, deep SRGs can be implemented as polymer surface relief gratings or evacuated Bragg gratings (EBGs). EBGs can be formed by first recording a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) grating. Removing the liquid crystal from the cured grating provides a polymer surface relief grating. Polymer surface relief gratings have many applications including for use in waveguide-based displays.

A liquid crystal display is configured such that a composite layer thereof is transparent to incident light in one voltage condition (e.g., in the absence of an applied voltage) and scatters incident light out of the display in another voltage condition (e.g., when a voltage is applied). The liquid crystal display does not need polarizers or color filters.

Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device which can be used in a variety of situations and applications. The liquid crystal display device comprises: a first substrate comprising a first display region, a second display region, and a third display region wherein the first display region, the second display region, and the third display region are continuously formed; a second substrate having a form which fits the first substrate; and a liquid crystal interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The second display region is interposed between the first display region and the second display region. The second display region is curved, and the first display region and the second display region are substantially flat.