An electrochromic device includes an electrochromic medium including a cathodic component, an anodic component, a hydroquinone, and a solvent.

The present invention relates to a display device.

The present invention provides an electrochromic (EC) element that comprises a first electrode, an electrochromic layer located on the first electrode and made of an electrochromic material, an electrolyte layer located on the electrochromic layer, and a second electrode located on the electrolyte layer, and satisfies at least one of the following conditions (1) and (2): (1) the first electrode and/or the second electrode includes a plurality of regions each having a different resistance value from an external power source; (2) the electrolyte layer includes a plurality of regions each comprising a different electrolyte material. In the condition (1), each of the plurality of regions may be an electrode formed as a block shape and/or a linear shape. In the condition (1), the plurality of regions may be arrayed so that each resistance value in the plurality of regions increases sequentially from the region at one end toward the region at the other end.

An energy storage device includes a cathodic material in an activated state; and an anodic material in an activated state; wherein: the cathodic material is a viologen covalently attached to, or confined within, a first polymer matrix, the first polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the cathodic material in the activated state; and the anodic material is a phenazine, a phenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene covalently attached to, or confined within, a second polymer matrix, the second polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the anodic material in the activated state.

An energy storage device includes a cathodic material in an activated state; and an anodic material in an activated state; wherein: the cathodic material is a viologen covalently attached to, or confined within, a first polymer matrix, the first polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the cathodic material in the activated state; and the anodic material is a phenazine, a phenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene covalently attached to, or confined within, a second polymer matrix, the second polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the anodic material in the activated state.

An optical element comprises a first electrode; a second electrode partially including insulating areas; a seal frame member located between the first electrode and the second electrode; an electrolyte layer that fills a space defined by the first substrate, the second substrate, and the seal frame member; a first connection electrode disposed outside the seal frame member on the surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate; and a second connection electrode disposed outside the seal frame member on the surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate, wherein, in an area surrounded by the seal frame member, a proportion of the insulating areas of the second electrode included in an unit area relatively close to the first connection electrode is higher than that included in an unit area positioned in the middle of the seal frame member.

Electrochromic compositions for use in devices with electrically controlled absorption of light such as light filters of variable optical density, light emission modulators, and information image displays. The described electrochromic compositions may be used, for example, for creating light-transmitting coatings of buildings for controlling indoor microclimate by regulating the flow of natural light. Specifically, described is an exemplary organic electrochromic composition that is based on biocompatible and biodegradable components and is characterized by an increased service life, a high rate of light-transmission change. The described electrochromic compositions may be prepared in a wide range of light-absorption spectra and coating colors.

An organic compound represented by General Formula (1), ##STR00001## in which, in General Formula (1), R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are each independently selected from an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, and A.sub.1.sup. and A.sub.2.sup. each independently represent a monovalent anion.

Electrochromic compositions for use in devices with electrically controlled absorption of light such as light filters of variable optical density, light emission modulators, and information image displays. The described electrochromic compositions may be used, for example, for creating light-transmitting coatings of buildings for controlling indoor microclimate by regulating the flow of natural light. Specifically, described is an exemplary organic electrochromic composition that is based on biocompatible and biodegradable components and is characterized by an increased service life, a high rate of light-transmission change. The described electrochromic compositions may be prepared in a wide range of light-absorption spectra and coating colors.

An electrochromic device includes an electrochromic medium including a cathodic component, an anodic component, a hydroquinone, and a solvent.