An image forming apparatus includes an image forming device to form a correction image, an image density detector to detect image densities of a plurality of areas in the correction image, and circuitry to correct an image formation condition of the image forming device based on detected image densities of the plurality of areas. The circuitry replaces a detected image density of an area of interest selected from the plurality of areas with an average value of detected image densities of two or more areas including adjacent areas adjacent to the area of interest and corrects the image formation condition of the image forming device based on the detected image densities of the plurality of areas after replacement when a difference between the detected image density of the area of interest and at least one of the detected image densities of the adjacent areas exceeds a predetermined threshold.

An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit includes a photosensitive member; a charging unit configured to uniformly charge the photosensitive member; an exposure unit configured to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member by scanning the charged photosensitive member with laser light; and a developing device configured to develop the electrostatic latent image to form an image on the photosensitive member, a reading unit configured to read a test image, which is formed by the image forming unit, for detecting image density of the image, and a controller configured to: control the image forming unit to form the test image; detect periodic fluctuation of the image density based on a detection result of the test image which is acquired by controlling the reading unit to read the test image; and correct an image forming condition to suppress the detected fluctuation.

An image forming apparatus includes an image forming device, an image position detector, and an image density detector. The image forming device forms an image on a surface of a recording medium. The image position detector detects a position of the image. The image density detector detects a density of the image. The image forming device forms a position detection image on a surface of a first recording medium. The image position detector detects a position of the position detection image on the surface of the first recording medium. The image forming device forms a density detection image on a second recording medium. The image density detector detects a density of the density detection image on the surface of the second recording medium.

An image forming apparatus capable of controlling density of an output image with high accuracy regardless of variation of internal temperature. A controller controls an image forming unit to form a measurement image, controls a light receiving unit to receive reflected light from the measurement image, controls a conversion unit to convert an output value of the light receiving unit, and controls an image formation condition based on a value that is obtained by converting the output value. An adjustment unit controls the light receiving unit to receive reflected light from an image bearing member, and adjusts the emission light amount of an emission unit based on the reflected light from the image bearing member. A selection unit selects a conversion condition from among conversion conditions based on a reference temperature that is detected when the adjustment unit adjusts the emission light amount and a current temperature.

An image forming apparatus includes: an image forming portion that includes a developing portion configured to supply toner to an image bearing member bearing an electrostatic latent image formed thereon to develop the electrostatic latent image as a toner image, and is configured to form a toner image on a long paper sheet; a notification portion configured to notify a user about information; and a control portion configured to calculate, in accordance with coverage of a toner image that is a target of image formation, a toner image formation distance with which successive image formation is possible without forcibly discharging degraded toner from the developing portion, and to control the notification portion to notify the calculated toner image formation distance as a first toner image formation distance.

A method of operating a printing system includes determining whether ghosting is expected on a photoreceptor and applying power to a laser applied to the photoreceptor based on whether the ghosting is expected.

An image forming apparatus includes an image former, a detector, and circuitry. The image former forms a toner pattern with a first line screen; and forms a toner image based on image data, with a second line screen. The detector detects density unevenness of the toner pattern, formed by the image former, in a main scanning direction. The circuitry is configured to calculate a first correction amount from the density unevenness detected by the detector; create a gradation correction table that reduces the density unevenness based on the first correction amount; and correct the first correction amount by a second correction amount corresponding to the second line screen, in a case where the first line screen is different from the second line screen.

An image forming device includes a brilliant image forming section, a non-brilliant image forming section, and a control section. When an image is formed on a medium by superimposing a brilliant image with an image density of 100% on a non-brilliant image, the control section controls the brilliant image forming section and the non-brilliant image forming section so as to make them form the brilliant image whose image density is a first image density if saturation of the non-brilliant image is first saturation and make them form the brilliant image whose image density is a second image density lower than the first image density if the saturation of the non-brilliant image is second saturation higher than the first saturation.

A method of operating a printing system includes determining whether ghosting is expected on a photoreceptor and applying power to a laser applied to the photoreceptor based on whether the ghosting is expected.

A system and method to compensate for ghost appearances on a print due to a previous job, the method comprising defining areas in which ghosting is expected or detected and recording the image on a photoreceptor by selectively changing the parameters of the system as a function of position, to compensate for the effects of ghosting in ex-image and ex-nonimage areas.