A charging device includes a charging roller, a cleaning roller, a pair of first supporting members, a pair of second supporting members and a pair of elastic members. The pair of first supporting members supports the charging roller in a rotatable manner. The pair of second supporting members supports the cleaning roller in a rotatable manner. The pair of elastic members is disposed between the first supporting members and the second supporting members, and pushes back the cleaning roller in a direction separate away from the charging roller. The second supporting member provided on one side in an axial direction of the cleaning roller has a roller-shift preventing part which blocks the cleaning roller. The elastic member provided on the one side in the axial direction pushes back the cleaning roller with force smaller than force of the elastic member provided on the other side in the axial direction.

An image forming apparatus includes an image holding unit that holds an image that is formed of a developer, the image being intended to be transferred onto a medium, and an image that is not intended to be transferred onto a medium, a transfer unit that transfers the image that is intended to be transferred onto a medium onto a medium, a removing unit that removes the image that is not intended to be transferred onto a medium from the image holding unit, and a forming unit that forms the image that is not intended to be transferred onto a medium onto the image holding unit by using a developer and that has a first forming mode for a first medium and a second forming mode for a second medium that has a transfer sensitivity lower than a transfer sensitivity of the first medium, the forming unit being configured to use a larger amount of the developer in formation of the image that is not intended to be transferred onto a medium in the first forming mode than in the second forming mode.

An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member, a developing member, a transfer member, and a brush contacting a surface of the image bearing member in a contact portion downstream of a transfer portion and upstream of a developing portion with respect to a rotational direction of the image bearing member. The toner which is not transferred onto a toner image receiving member is collected by the developing member. In a charging series, the toner is positioned on the same side as a normal charge polarity of the toner relative to the brush. In the contact portion, a maximum value of a contact pressure of 0.7 gf/mm.sup.2 or more and 3.5 gf/mm.sup.2 or less, a maximum contact area ratio is 18% or more and 74% or less, and a Clark-Evans index of the brush is 1 or more.

A charging device includes a charging roller, a cleaning roller, a pair of first supporting members, a pair of second supporting members and a pair of elastic members. The pair of first supporting members supports the charging roller in a rotatable manner. The pair of second supporting members supports the cleaning roller in a rotatable manner. The pair of elastic members is disposed between the first supporting members and the second supporting members, and pushes back the cleaning roller in a direction separate away from the charging roller. The second supporting member provided on one side in an axial direction of the cleaning roller has a roller-shift preventing part which blocks the cleaning roller. The elastic member provided on the one side in the axial direction pushes back the cleaning roller with force smaller than force of the elastic member provided on the other side in the axial direction.

A peeling device includes a peeling member and a cover member. The peeling member peels a recording medium, to which an unfixed developer has been transferred from an image holding member, from the image holding member. The leading end of the peeling member contacts the image holding member. The cover member covers a surface of the peeling member with a gap interposed between the peeling member and the cover member. The surface of the peeling member includes at least the leading end of the peeling member, and includes at least a surface of the peeling member on the side opposite to the image holding member.

A movement member that causes a cleaning member to move so as to reciprocally move on a transparent member is provided. A cleaning process is performed in accordance with an instruction on a number of times of movement of the movement member.

An image forming method for forming an image on a base material by using powder includes: attaching a protective material to a surface of the base material on which the image is to be formed; forming an attachment layer on at least one of the base material and the protective material attached to the base material; attaching the powder to the attachment layer after attaching the protective material; and removing excess powder attached to the protective material from the protective material without attaching to the attachment layer.

A toner collection device includes a casing, a fan unit and a filter. The casing has a suction port and an exhaust port. The fan unit is supported by the casing in a swingable manner and generates an air flow from the suction port to the exhaust port inside the casing. The filter is disposed inside the casing and supported by the casing or the fan unit, and collects a toner contained in the air flow flowed into the casing through the suction port. When the fan unit is driven to generate the air flow, a swinging of the fan unit is transmitted to the filter to vibrate the filter.

An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier; a charging section that charges a surface of the image carrier; an electrostatic charge image forming section that forms an electrostatic charge image on the charged surface of the image carrier; a developing section that has a container containing an electrostatic charge image developer and develops the electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the image carrier into a toner image using the electrostatic charge image developer, the electrostatic charge image developer including toner for electrostatic charge image development, the toner containing toner particles and an external additive; a transfer section that transfers the toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier to a surface of a recording medium; a cleaning section that has a cleaning blade with which the cleaning section cleans the surface of the image carrier; and a lubricant supplying section that has a lubricant supplying member that supplies a lubricant to the contact portion between the cleaning blade and the image carrier. The toner satisfies the following relations: (ln (T1)ln (T2))/(T1T2)0.14; (ln (T2)ln (T3))/(T2T3)0.15; and (ln (T1)ln (T2))/(T1T2)<(ln (T2)ln (T3))/(T2T3), where (T1) represents a viscosity of the toner at 60 C., (T2) represents a viscosity of the toner at 90 C., and (T3) represents a viscosity of the toner at 130 C.

A peeling device includes a peeling member and a cover member. The peeling member peels a recording medium, to which an unfixed developer has been transferred from an image holding member, from the image holding member. The leading end of the peeling member contacts the image holding member. The cover member covers a surface of the peeling member with a gap interposed between the peeling member and the cover member. The surface of the peeling member includes at least the leading end of the peeling member, and includes at least a surface of the peeling member on the side opposite to the image holding member.