A photoconductor that includes, for example, a supporting substrate, an optional ground plane layer, an optional hole blocking layer, an optional adhesive layer, a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer, and where the charge transport layer contains a mixture of a charge transport component and a polycarbonate AP.

A quinone derivative is represented by general formula (1), (2), or (3). In general formulae (1), (2), and (3), R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.11, R.sup.12, R.sup.13, R.sup.14, R.sup.21, R.sup.22, R.sup.23, and R.sup.24 each represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group having a carbon number of 1-6, or an optionally substituted alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1-6. R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.15, R.sup.16, R.sup.25, and R.sup.26 each represent, independently of one another, an optionally substituted alkyl group having a carbon number of 1-6, an optionally substituted alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1-6, an optionally substituted aryl group having a carbon number of 6-14, an optionally substituted aralkyl group having a carbon number of 7-12, or an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group having a carbon number of 3-10.

##STR00001##

A quinone derivative is represented by general formula (1). In general formula (1), at least one of R.sup.1-R.sup.3 and at least one of R.sup.4-R.sup.6 each represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms that has an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms. All other of R.sup.1-R.sup.3 and all other of R.sup.4-R.sup.6 each represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

##STR00001##

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer includes a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer. The charge generating layer contains a phthalocyanine pigment and a first resin. A ratio of the mass of the phthalocyanine pigment to the mass of the first resin is greater than 2.0 and less than 3.5. A ratio A.sub.830/A.sub.783 of a second absorbance A.sub.830 to a first absorbance A.sub.783 of the charge generating layer is at least 0.97 and no greater than 1.10. The first absorbance A.sub.783 is an absorbance of the charge generating layer with respect to first light with a wavelength of 783 nm. The second absorbance A.sub.830 is an absorbance of the charge generating layer with respect to second light with a wavelength of 830 nm.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member, in which occurrences of image defects are suppressed, and a method for manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. In addition, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus, which include the electrophotographic photosensitive member, are provided. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a cured material, and the cured material is a copolymer of a hole transport compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a vinyl ester compound containing a long-chain alkyl group.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material, a charge transport material, and a binder resin. The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin. The polyarylate resin is represented by general formula (1) shown below. In general formula (1), X represents a divalent group represented by chemical formula (1-1), (1-2), (1-3), or (1-4) shown below.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer disposed thereover, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises a compound represented by general formula (1) and palladium, the photosensitive layer having a palladium content of 0.01-50 ppm. ##STR00001##

In a positively chargeable single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member, a photosensitive layer contains at least a hole transport material, and particles of a first resin. A compound represented by general formula (1) is contained as the hole transport material. In the general formula (1), R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 2 and no greater than 4. R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 each represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 4. Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 each represent, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted aryl group having a carbon number of at least 6 and no greater than 20. At least one of Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 represents an optionally substituted aryl group having a carbon number of at least 6 and no greater than 20. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising: a conductive support; and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a charge transport substance, a binder resin, and a compound which has a molecular weight of equal to or less than 350, and is represented by General Formula (1).

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor which is a positive charging type electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin in the same layer, and a residual potential VL.sub.1 at a point at which an exposure amount for forming a latent image is 0.3 μJ/cm.sup.2 is equal to or lower than 130 V when an initial surface potential V0 is set to +700 V, exposure with monochromatic light of 780 nm is performed and measurement is performed by a dynamic method.