A resin composition includes at least one selected from compounds represented by formula (I-1) and at least one selected from compounds represented by formula (I-2) and compounds represented by formula (I-3):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.11 to R.sup.14, R.sup.21 to R.sup.24, and R.sup.31 to R.sup.34 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group, R.sup.15, R.sup.16, R.sup.25, R.sup.26, R.sup.35, and R.sup.36 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, X and Y independently represent an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, or a tellurium atom, with the proviso that plural X's each represent the same element, plural Y's each represent the same element, which is an element different from the element selected as X, A.sup.1 to A.sup.3 independently represent a divalent group represented by formula (a1) or (a2), which is bonded at the * positions.

A method of producing an electrostatic ink composition, the method comprising: providing a precursor ink composition comprising a resin and a pigment dispersed in a liquid carrier; wherein the precursor ink composition comprises 30 wt % or more non-volatile solids; and spraying a lubricating liquid onto the surface of the precursor ink composition to form the electrostatic ink composition.

A print agent application assembly is disclosed. The print agent application assembly includes a print agent transfer roller to receive print agent and transfer a portion of the print agent to a photoconductive surface. The print agent application assembly may further include an electrode to provide an electric charge to the print agent transfer roller. The print agent transfer roller and the electrode may define walls of a cavity through which print agent is to pass. The electrode may comprise an aperture via which a portion of the print agent is able to exit the cavity. A method and a print apparatus are also disclosed.

Described herein is a liquid electrostatic ink composition comprising a liquid carrier; and chargeable toner particles comprising a resin and an aluminium-based color-shifting pigment. Also described herein is a method of printing comprising: printing onto a substrate a liquid electrostatic ink composition comprising: a liquid carrier; and chargeable toner particles comprising a resin and an aluminium-based color-shifting pigment, and a printed article comprising a print substrate having printed thereon the electrostatic ink composition.

Here is described a liquid electrostatic ink composition comprising a pigment; a carrier liquid; a resin; a charge director; a fatty acid amide, and a polyalkylene wax. Methods of forming the liquid electrostatic ink compositions, and plastic substrates with the liquid electrostatic ink composition printed thereon, are also disclosed.

Herein is described a method of providing a printed label. The method comprises: providing a printed label substrate having disposed thereon an electrostatically printed ink; applying a radiation curable overcoat composition to the printed ink, wherein the radiation curable overcoat composition comprises: radiation curable monomers and/or oligomers; a photoinitiator; and an organosilane having at least one hydrolysable group. Printed labels and an ink and overcoat set are also described herein.

A method of producing a material with a perovskite structure on a substrate by liquid electrophotographic printing comprises: either liquid electrophotographically printing onto the substrate a composition comprising a dispersion of a salt AX and a thermoplastic resin in a carrier liquid; liquid electrophotographically printing onto the substrate a composition comprising a dispersion of a salt selected from BX2 and BX4 and a thermoplastic resin in a carrier liquid; and heat treating the printed compositions to form the material with a perovskite structure; or liquid electrophotographically printing onto the substrate a composition comprising a dispersion of a material with a perovskite structure and a thermoplastic resin in a carrier liquid to form the material with a perovskite structure; wherein A is a cation, B is a cation and X is an anion; wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups.

An electrostatic printing method for forming a structured image on a print substrate, the method comprising: providing an electrostatic ink composition; contacting the electrostatic ink composition with a latent electrostatic image on a photoconductive surface to create a developed toner image; transferring the developed toner image to an embossed intermediate transfer member to create a structured toner image; and; transferring the structured toner image to a print substrate. The embossed intermediate transfer may comprise a substrate layer, at least part of which is compressible and comprises an electrically conductive species; and; an outer release layer disposed on the substrate layer, the outer release layer comprising a structured surface. Methods of making the embossed intermediate transfer member are also described herein.

Described herein is magenta ink composition, comprising a pigment consisting of one or more quinacridone pigments; a resin; and a polymeric amine dispersant having a Total Base Number of at least 300 mg KOH/gram. Also described herein is a method of printing comprising applying the magenta ink composition to a substrate, and a printed substrate comprising the magenta ink composition.

Described herein is a liquid electrophotographic ink composition comprising: a thermoplastic resin comprising a polymer having acidic side groups; a charge adjuvant comprising a complex of a metal(II) cation and two monovalent anions; or a complex of a metal(III) cation and three monovalent anions; or a complex of a metal(III) cation, a monovalent anion and a divalent anion, wherein each monovalent anion is independently selected from carboxylate anions having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms and alkoxide anions having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms; and wherein the divalent anion is selected form the oxo group, dicarboxylate anions having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and dialkoxide anions having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms; and a liquid carrier. Also described herein is a method of producing the liquid electrophotographic ink composition and a printed substrate.