An apparatus and method are described herein, which simultaneously promotes a positive computing experience for users of portable computer systems and increases overall durability and longevity thereof. In one embodiment, an optical apparatus enhances the user computing experience, in one embodiment by simplifying operation, and is much more durable and long-lasting than mechanical switch and dial type devices it may replace. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to an apparatus, which enables efficient portable computer device function, field, and data selection, gaming, input, interconnection, and other switching-related functions, simplifying operation and enhancing versatility thereof, yet without exposing the portable computer interior to any degree to incursion of environmental contamination. In one embodiment, an optical apparatus obviates openings in a portable computer package which would otherwise be required. In one embodiment, the apparatus, capable of sensing manipulation and directed by software, has a light source and corresponding light sensor.

A method of imitating a texture on a touch surface, the method including the steps of sensing a position of a user's finger on the touch surface, modulating a coefficient of friction of the touch surface in response to the sensed position of a user's appendage relative to the touch surface and/or a derivative thereof, where the friction modulator does not alter the contour of the touch surface in a manner that is perceptible to a user's sight or touch.

An operation method of an electronic device for sensing an optical signal is provided. The electronic device includes a plurality of optical sensors and a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed adjacent to the plurality of optical sensors. The operation method of the electronic device for sensing the optical signal includes the following steps. The optical signal is provided to a first optical sensor of the plurality of optical sensors. The first optical sensor outputs a driving signal when dimming the plurality of light-emitting elements adjacent to the first optical sensor. Therefore, the accuracy of sensing the optical signal may be effectively increased.

By using a display 11 having a number of light-emitting blocks 29 in each of which one of light sensors 34 are incorporated and an optical image formation means 13 having first minute reflective surfaces 20 and second minute reflective surfaces 21 crossed in planar view, the first minute reflective surfaces 20 arranged standing on a same plane, the second minute reflective surfaces 21 arranged standing on a same plane, a first real image 12 is formed on the other side of the optical image formation means 13 from an image 11a on the display 11, a second real image 45a is formed on one side of the optical imaging means 13 from an image of an indicating means 45 having come into contact with the first real image 12, and a position of the second real image 45a is detected by the light sensors 34 of the display 11.

An irradiation optical system includes a uniformizing section and an irradiation lens section. The uniformizing section brings in-plane distribution of light emitted from a light source, close to uniform in-plane distribution. The irradiation lens section diffuses the light in a predetermined direction. The in-plane distribution of the light is brought close to the uniform in-plane distribution by the uniformizing section. The irradiation lens section includes, in order from the light source, a first cylindrical lens and a second cylindrical lens each having negative refractive power in the predetermined direction.

In particular embodiments, the touch-sensing apparatus comprises: (1) a display panel; (2) a glass plate; and (3) a frame assembly. In various embodiments, the frame assembly is configured to support the display panel and the plate. The frame assembly may include any suitable bracket or combination of brackets (e.g., or other suitable assembly mechanism) configured to maintain and mount each of the plate and display panel in a suitable position. In particular embodiments, the frame assembly is configured to support the plate adjacent the display panel such that the plate is positioned in front of the display panel. In particular embodiments, the glass plate is convex such that the plate curves at least partially outwardly from the frame assembly. The apparatus may further comprise a plurality of infrared sensors and emitters disposed in a bezel of the frame assembly and configured to detect touch inputs at the convex plate.

A positioning program executed by a computer apparatus in a positioning system comprising: an invisible ray screen formed by invisible rays; a projection screen disposed in the vicinity of the invisible ray screen along the invisible ray screen; a projector device that projects an image onto the projection screen; a camera that detects reflected light of invisible rays by imaging the invisible ray screen; and the computer apparatus, wherein the projection screen is installed so that a part of the image projected onto the projection screen is outside angle of view of the camera, and the positioning program causes the computer apparatus to function as a locator that, in a case where a detection target object is caused to pass through the invisible ray screen, locate a passage position of the detection target object on the invisible ray screen, based on the reflected light of invisible rays detected by the camera.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes: a display device including a plurality of light-emitting elements for displaying an optical image on a front side of the display device; an illumination element integrated into the display device and configured to emit light for illuminating a scene in front of the front side of the display device; an optical sensor configured to sense reflections of the light from the scene; an optical transmitter configured to transmit an optical control signal encoded with control information for controlling light emission by the illumination element; and an optical receiver integrated into the display device and configured to receive the optical control signal and generate an electrical control signal based on the optical control signal. The electronic device further includes a driver circuit integrated into the display device and configured to drive the illumination element based on the electrical control signal.

A display apparatus capable of image capturing with high sensitivity is provided. The display apparatus is configured to include first to third switches, a first transistor, a second transistor, and a light-emitting/receiving element. The first switch is electrically connected to a gate of the first transistor. The second switch is positioned between one of a source and a drain of the first transistor and one electrode of the light-emitting/receiving element. The third switch is positioned between the one electrode of the light-emitting/receiving element and a gate of the second transistor. The other of the source and the drain of the first transistor is supplied with a first potential. The other electrode of the light-emitting/receiving element is supplied with a second potential. The light-emitting/receiving element has a function of emitting light of a first color and a function of receiving light of a second color.

A detection device according to the present disclosure includes: an irradiation unit configured to emit an infrared ray toward an infusion tube; an imaging unit configured to generate a captured image obtained by imaging the infusion tube irradiated with the infrared ray by the irradiation unit; and a control unit configured to detect blockage of the infusion tube and air bubbles in the infusion tube based on a light intensity distribution in the captured image.