Systems and methods for controlling machine operations are provided. A number of data entries are organized into a stack. Each data entry includes a type, a flag, a length, and a value or pointer entry. For each data entry in the stack, the type of data is determined from the type entry, the presence of an address or value is determined by the respective flag entry, and a length of the address or value is determined from the respective length entry. The data to be utilized or an address for the same at a particular electronic storage area is provided at the respective value or pointer entry, which may be specified by a space definition pushed onto the stack.

A processor may implement position-independent memory addressing by providing load and store instructions that include position-independent addressing modes. A memory address may contain a normalized pointer, where the memory address stores a normalized memory address that, when added to an offset previously determined for memory address, defines another memory address. The position-independent addressing mode may also support invalid memory addresses using a reserved value, where a load instruction providing the position-independent addressing mode may return a NULL value or generate an exception when determining that the stored normalized memory address is equal to the reserved value and where a store instruction providing the position-independent addressing mode may store the reserved value when determining that the memory address is an invalid or NULL memory address.

The problem to be solved is to seek an alternative to known addressing methods which provides the same or similar effects or is more secure. Solution The problem is solved by a method (40) of addressing memory in a data-processing apparatus (10) comprising, when a central processing unit (11), while performing a task (31, 32, 33, 34) of the apparatus (10), executes an instruction involving a pointer (59) into a segment (s, r, d, h, f, o, i, c) of the memory: decoding the instruction by means of an instruction decoder (12), generating a virtual address (45) within the memory by means of a safe pointer operator (41) operating on the pointer (59), augmenting the virtual address (45) by an identifier (43) of the task (31, 32, 33, 34) and an identifier (44) of the segment (s, r, d, h, f, o, i, c), said identifiers (43, 44) being hardware-controlled (42), and, based on the augmented address (45), dereferencing the pointer (59) via a memory management unit (13).

An instruction offload manager receives, by a processing device, a first request to execute a program, identifies one or more instructions of the program to be offloaded to a second processing device, where the second processing device includes a same instruction set architecture as the processing device, and provides the one or more instructions to a memory module comprising the second processing device. Responsive to detecting an indication to execute the one or more instructions, the instruction offload manager provides an indication to the second processing device to cause the second processing device to execute the one or more instructions, the one or more instructions to update a portion of a memory space associated with the memory module.

An instruction offload manager receives, by a processing device, a first request to execute a program, identifies one or more instructions of the program to be offloaded to a second processing device, where the second processing device includes a same instruction set architecture as the processing device, and provides the one or more instructions to a memory module comprising the second processing device. Responsive to detecting an indication to execute the one or more instructions, the instruction offload manager provides an indication to the second processing device to cause the second processing device to execute the one or more instructions, the one or more instructions to update a portion of a memory space associated with the memory module.

An approach is provided in which a method, system, and computer program product load a first program and a second program on a target host that includes a host kernel. The first program and the second program are both pre-compiled on a build system that is different from the target host. The method, system, and computer program product execute at least a subset of the first program on the host kernel and the subset of the first program captures a set of kernel structure information from the host kernel. The method, system, and program product load, at the target host, the set of kernel structure information into the second program at one or more placeholder locations. Then, the method, system and program product execute at least a subset of the second program with the set of kernel structure information on the target kernel.

An approach is provided in which a method, system, and computer program product load a first program and a second program on a target host that includes a host kernel. The first program and the second program are both pre-compiled on a build system that is different from the target host. The method, system, and computer program product execute at least a subset of the first program on the host kernel and the subset of the first program captures a set of kernel structure information from the host kernel. The method, system, and program product load, at the target host, the set of kernel structure information into the second program at one or more placeholder locations. Then, the method, system and program product execute at least a subset of the second program with the set of kernel structure information on the target kernel.

A data write system includes a processor circuit, a first memory, at least one register, and a second memory. The first memory is coupled to the processor circuit. The at least one register is configured to define at least one range. The second memory is coupled to the first memory. If a cache miss occurs and an access address of a reading command is in the at least one range in the second memory, a predetermined amount of data corresponding to the access address is written from the second memory into at least one first way of the first memory.

Disclosed herein are stacked transistors with different gate lengths in different device strata, as well as related methods and devices. In some embodiments, an integrated circuit structure may include stacked strata of transistors, with two different device strata having different gate lengths.

Disclosed herein are stacked transistors with different gate lengths in different device strata, as well as related methods and devices. In some embodiments, an integrated circuit structure may include stacked strata of transistors, with two different device strata having different gate lengths.