An apparatus for feature recognition of two-dimensional prints is illustrated. The apparatus comprise a processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor. The memory contains instructions configuring the processor to receive a two-dimensional print of a part for manufacture, scale two-dimensional print so that the two-dimensional print is within a predetermined area, identify a curve feature of the two-dimensional print as a function of scaling of the two-dimensional print, wherein the curve feature comprises a plurality of line segments, and classify a line type of the curve feature using line observations as a function of the curve feature identification.

A local extension method for segmentation of anatomical treelike structures includes receiving an initial segmentation of 3D image data including an initial treelike structure. A target point in the 3D image data is defined, and a region of interest based on the target point is extracted to create a sub-image. Highly tubular voxels are detected in the sub-image, and a spillage-constrained region growing is performed using the highly tubular voxels as seed points. Connected components are extracted from the results of the region growing. The extracted components are pruned to discard components not likely to be connected to the initial treelike structure, keeping only candidate components likely to be a valid sub-tree of the initial treelike structure. The candidate components are connected to the initial treelike structure, thereby extending the initial segmentation in the region of interest.

A local extension method for segmentation of anatomical treelike structures includes receiving an initial segmentation of 3D image data including an initial treelike structure. A target point in the 3D image data is defined, and a region of interest based on the target point is extracted to create a sub-image. Highly tubular voxels are detected in the sub-image, and a spillage-constrained region growing is performed using the highly tubular voxels as seed points. Connected components are extracted from the results of the region growing. The extracted components are pruned to discard components not likely to be connected to the initial treelike structure, keeping only candidate components likely to be a valid sub-tree of the initial treelike structure. The candidate components are connected to the initial treelike structure, thereby extending the initial segmentation in the region of interest.

Systems and methods are provided for identifying data points in a three-dimensional image. The method receives an input image with data points having coordinates in a three-dimensional (3D) image space. A convex geometry is created that surrounds a first group of data points. The convex geometry is composed of planes with faces, where each plane only intersects planes from adjacent faces. For each plane, a first face is determined, and every data point associated with the plane's first face is identified. Common identified data points (data points associated with every first face) are determined and presented as a representation of the first group of data points. In one aspect, the first face is defined as an outside face, so that the step of identifying every data point associated with the plane's first face becomes the identification of every data point not faced by the plane's outside face.

Systems and methods are provided for identifying data points in a three-dimensional image. The method receives an input image with data points having coordinates in a three-dimensional (3D) image space. A convex geometry is created that surrounds a first group of data points. The convex geometry is composed of planes with faces, where each plane only intersects planes from adjacent faces. For each plane, a first face is determined, and every data point associated with the plane's first face is identified. Common identified data points (data points associated with every first face) are determined and presented as a representation of the first group of data points. In one aspect, the first face is defined as an outside face, so that the step of identifying every data point associated with the plane's first face becomes the identification of every data point not faced by the plane's outside face.

Systems and methods to simulate joining operations are disclosed. An example method to generate customized training workpieces for simulation based on physical real parts includes: analyzing a three-dimensional model of a physical part to determine a number of visual markers as needed and a placement of the visual markers on the physical part, the number and the placement of the visual markers being based on the geometry of the physical part; and generating physical markers representative of the determined visual markers for attachment to the physical part based on the determined placement of the visual markers.

Systems and methods to simulate joining operations are disclosed. An example method to generate customized training workpieces for simulation based on physical real parts includes: analyzing a three-dimensional model of a physical part to determine a number of visual markers as needed and a placement of the visual markers on the physical part, the number and the placement of the visual markers being based on the geometry of the physical part; and generating physical markers representative of the determined visual markers for attachment to the physical part based on the determined placement of the visual markers.

A three-dimensional (3D) printer includes a nozzle and a camera configured to capture a real image or a real video of a liquid metal while the liquid metal is positioned at least partially within the nozzle. The 3D printer also includes a computing system configured to perform operations. The operations include generating a model of the liquid metal positioned at least partially within the nozzle. The operations also include generating a simulated image or a simulated video of the liquid metal positioned at least partially within the nozzle based at least partially upon the model. The operations also include generating a labeled dataset that comprises the simulated image or the simulated video and a first set of parameters. The operations also include reconstructing the liquid metal in the real image or the real video based at least partially upon the labeled dataset.

A three-dimensional (3D) printer includes a nozzle and a camera configured to capture a real image or a real video of a liquid metal while the liquid metal is positioned at least partially within the nozzle. The 3D printer also includes a computing system configured to perform operations. The operations include generating a model of the liquid metal positioned at least partially within the nozzle. The operations also include generating a simulated image or a simulated video of the liquid metal positioned at least partially within the nozzle based at least partially upon the model. The operations also include generating a labeled dataset that comprises the simulated image or the simulated video and a first set of parameters. The operations also include reconstructing the liquid metal in the real image or the real video based at least partially upon the labeled dataset.

A method includes generating a real-time ultrasound image of anatomy of interest. At least a sub-portion of the anatomy of interest is deformed from an initial location to a different location by pressure applied by an external force. The method further includes obtaining a 2-D slice, which corresponds to a same plane as the real-time ultrasound image, from 3-D reference image data, wherein a corresponding sub-portion is at the initial location. The method further includes determining displacement fields for the sub-portion from the sub-portion, the corresponding sub-portion and other anatomy not-deformed in the real-time ultrasound image and the 3-D reference image data. The method further includes deforming the 3-D reference image data using the displacement fields, which creates deformed 3-D reference image data based on the different location.