Rather than a vertical see-saw type of volume pedal for a guitar, a foot-controlled volume pedal for a guitar has a foot pad that swivels in a generally horizontal arc around a pivot point. The foot pad has a pointer at its far end (away from the pivot point) that points to the volume numbers 0-10. The player's heel will generally be over, or close to, the pivot point, and the foot covers the pad or part of the pad. The pivot point comprises a rotatable shaft that is coupled to a smaller rotatable shaft of a conventional potentiometer, by friction, gears, or a belt, for controlling the volume into the guitar amplifier. The rotation ratio of the two shafts may be, for example, 6:1. The swivel arc may be large (e.g., 5-8 inches) so a precise volume can be set between 0-10.

Rather than a vertical see-saw type of volume pedal for a guitar, a foot-controlled volume pedal for a guitar has a foot pad that swivels in a generally horizontal arc around a pivot point. The foot pad has a pointer at its far end (away from the pivot point) that points to the volume numbers 0-10. The player's heel will generally be over, or close to, the pivot point, and the foot covers the pad or part of the pad. The pivot point comprises a rotatable shaft that is coupled to a smaller rotatable shaft of a conventional potentiometer, by friction, gears, or a belt, for controlling the volume into the guitar amplifier. The rotation ratio of the two shafts may be, for example, 6:1. The swivel arc may be large (e.g., 5-8 inches) so a precise volume can be set between 0-10.

A pedal device receives a connection signal transmitted from headphone to establish first communication that is communication with the headphone. Then, in a case where the first communication has been established, the pedal device transmits the connection signal including information indicating that communication with the headphone has been established. By receiving the connection signal from the pedal device, a portable terminal establishes second communication that is communication with the pedal device. In a case where the received connection signal includes information that the communication with the headphone has been established, the portable terminal may determine that communication establishment between the pedal device and the headphone has been completed.

A pedal device receives a connection signal transmitted from headphone to establish first communication that is communication with the headphone. Then, in a case where the first communication has been established, the pedal device transmits the connection signal including information indicating that communication with the headphone has been established. By receiving the connection signal from the pedal device, a portable terminal establishes second communication that is communication with the pedal device. In a case where the received connection signal includes information that the communication with the headphone has been established, the portable terminal may determine that communication establishment between the pedal device and the headphone has been completed.

An electronic musical instrument according to one embodiment includes: a sound source configured to generate a first sound signal and a second sound signal in accordance with an instruction signal for instructing to produce a sound; a first output unit configured to output a third sound signal containing the first sound signal and the second sound signal at a first sound volume ratio; and a second output unit configured to output a fourth sound signal containing the first sound signal and the second sound signal at a second sound volume ratio that is different from the first sound volume ratio.

An electronic musical instrument according to one embodiment includes: a sound source configured to generate a first sound signal and a second sound signal in accordance with an instruction signal for instructing to produce a sound; a first output unit configured to output a third sound signal containing the first sound signal and the second sound signal at a first sound volume ratio; and a second output unit configured to output a fourth sound signal containing the first sound signal and the second sound signal at a second sound volume ratio that is different from the first sound volume ratio.

An electronic device modifies a first media content item by superimposing a first set of data over a first accented musical event. The first accented musical event has a first audio profile. The first set of data has a second audio profile configured to be masked by the first audio profile during playback of the first media content item. The electronic device transmits, to a second electronic device, the modified first media content item.

An electronic musical instrument includes: a performance controller; and at least one processor, configured to perform the following: instructing sound generation of a first musical tone in response to a first operation on the performance controller; in response to a second operation on the performance controller during the sound generation of the first musical tone, obtaining a first amplitude value of the first musical tone at a time of the second operation, and obtaining a second amplitude value at which a second musical tone is to be sound-produced in response to the second operation on the performance controller; acquiring a parameter value for determining at least one of pitch, timbre, and volume of the second musical tone based on a ratio of the first amplitude value to the second amplitude value; and instructing sound generation of the second musical tone in accordance with the acquired parameter value.

An electronic musical instrument includes: a performance controller; and at least one processor, configured to perform the following: instructing sound generation of a first musical tone in response to a first operation on the performance controller; in response to a second operation on the performance controller during the sound generation of the first musical tone, obtaining a first amplitude value of the first musical tone at a time of the second operation, and obtaining a second amplitude value at which a second musical tone is to be sound-produced in response to the second operation on the performance controller; acquiring a parameter value for determining at least one of pitch, timbre, and volume of the second musical tone based on a ratio of the first amplitude value to the second amplitude value; and instructing sound generation of the second musical tone in accordance with the acquired parameter value.

An electronic musical instrument comprises: a performance controller; and at least one processor, configured to perform the following: instructing sound generation of a first musical tone in response to a first operation on the performance controller; in response to a second operation on the performance controller during the sound generation of the first musical tone, obtaining a first amplitude value of the first musical tone at a time of the second operation, and obtaining a second amplitude value at which a second musical tone is to be sound-produced in response to the second operation on the performance controller; determining a parameter value for adjusting a decay rate of the first musical tone based on a ratio of the first amplitude value to the second amplitude value; and causing the first musical tone to decay based on the determined parameter value.