A method of manufacturing a piezoelectric microactuator having a wrap-around electrode includes forming a piezoelectric element having a large central electrode on a top face, and having a wrap-around electrode that includes the bottom face, two opposing ends of the device, and two opposing end portions of the top face. The device is then cut through the middle, separating the device into two separate piezoelectric microactuators each having a wrap-around electrode.

According to one embodiment, an electronic device includes a housing, a substrate, a connector, a metal member, a screw, first solder, and second solder. The substrate includes a first surface to which a second hole opens and a metal region to which a first hole opens. The region is provided on the first surface. The connector is provided with a third hole. The metal member is attached to the connector and includes a second surface to which a fourth hole opens and a joint inserted into the second hole. The screw attaches the connector and the metal member to the housing through the third hole and the fourth hole. The first solder joins the region and the second surface to each other. The second solder joins an inner surface of the second hole and the joint to each other.

A PZT microactuator such as for a hard disk drive has a restraining layer bonded on its side that is opposite the side on which the PZT is mounted. The restraining layer comprises a stiff and resilient material such as stainless steel. The restraining layer can cover most or all of the top of the PZT, with an electrical connection being made to the PZT where it is not covered by the restraining layer. The restraining layer reduces bending of the PZT as mounted and hence increases effective stroke length, or reverses the sign of the bending which increases the effective stroke length of the PZT even further. The restraining layer can be one or more active layers of PZT material that act in the opposite direction as the main PZT layer. The restraining layer(s) may be thinner than the main PZT layer.

According to one embodiment, a wiring board unit includes a reinforcing board, a flexible printed circuit board includes a joint portion including a first plane and a second plane and attached on the reinforcing board, a relay unit extending from the first plane, a plurality of connection pad groups located on one of the first plane and the second plane and a first IC chip mounted on the first plane, and the joint portion is bent on a boundary between the first plane and the second plane.

According to one embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a plurality of magnetic disks, a plurality of magnetic heads provided correspondingly to the plurality of magnetic disks and configured to carry out read/write of data from/to the magnetic disks, and a control section configured to, when the magnetic head is in a second status before the magnetic head enters the first status, change setting in such a manner as to change a first memory area of a magnetic disk corresponding to the magnetic head in the second status among memory areas constituted of the plurality of magnetic disks to a second memory area in which a write count is limited.

According to one embodiment, a magnetic disk device includes a plurality of magnetic disks, a plurality of magnetic heads provided correspondingly to the plurality of magnetic disks and configured to carry out read/write of data from/to the magnetic disks, and a control section configured to, when the magnetic head is in a second status before the magnetic head enters the first status, change setting in such a manner as to change a first memory area of a magnetic disk corresponding to the magnetic head in the second status among memory areas constituted of the plurality of magnetic disks to a second memory area in which a write count is limited.

A PZT microactuator such as for a hard disk drive has a restraining layer bonded on its side that is opposite the side on which the PZT is mounted. The restraining layer comprises a stiff and resilient material such as stainless steel. The restraining layer can cover most or all of the top of the PZT, with an electrical connection being made to the PZT where it is not covered by the restraining layer. The restraining layer reduces bending of the PZT as mounted and hence increases effective stroke length, or reverses the sign of the bending which increases the effective stroke length of the PZT even further. The restraining layer can be one or more active layers of PZT material that act in the opposite direction as the main PZT layer. The restraining layer(s) may be thinner than the main PZT layer.

A PZT microactuator such as for a hard disk drive has a restraining layer bonded on its side that is opposite the side on which the PZT is mounted. The restraining layer comprises a stiff and resilient material such as stainless steel. The restraining layer can cover most or all of the top of the PZT, with an electrical connection being made to the PZT where it is not covered by the restraining layer. The restraining layer reduces bending of the PZT as mounted and hence increases effective stroke length, or reverses the sign of the bending which increases the effective stroke length of the PZT even further. The restraining layer can be one or more active layers of PZT material that act in the opposite direction as the main PZT layer. The restraining layer(s) may be thinner than the main PZT layer.

An insulation resistance measurement device includes a jig unit, a control unit and a transfer mechanism. The jig unit includes a lower jig having a reference surface, an upper jig having an abutting surface, a probe unit and a servomotor. When the upper jig is lowered toward the lower jig by the servomotor, the probe contacts a portion to be measured. When the upper jig is lowered further and the abutting surface of the upper jig abuts the reference surface, a torque of the servomotor increases. When the torque reaches a predetermined value, an insulation resistance is measured by the probe in a state where the torque is maintained.

A data storage device includes a ramp that supports at least one head, and a retraction mechanism that moves the ramp from a non-retracted position to a retracted position. The movement of the ramp is enabled by at least one of expansion or contraction of at least a portion of the retraction mechanism. The data storage device further includes a ramp retraction control module operably coupled to the retraction mechanism. The ramp retraction control module provides the retraction mechanism with a first control signal that causes the retraction mechanism to move the ramp from the non-retracted position to the retracted position.