Systems and methods of charging and discharging an ultracapacitor are disclosed. In one embodiment, a circuit for charging a capacitor can include a power source configured to provide a source voltage. The circuit can further include an ultracapacitor, a temperature sensing device, a power converter, and one or more control devices configured to receive signals indicative of a temperature from the temperature sensing device, and to control operation of the power converter based at least in part on the one or more signals indicative of the temperature.

The present invention provides an electrode for an electrical device, the electrode comprising: a PTC element; a first terminal disposed on one main surface of the PTC element and extending in one direction; and a second terminal disposed on the other main surface of the PTC element and extending in a different direction from the first terminal.

An electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) energy storage device is provided that includes at least two electrodes and a redox-enhanced electrolyte including two redox couples such that there is a different one of the redox couples for each of the electrodes. When charged, the charge is stored in Faradaic reactions with the at least two redox couples in the electrolyte and in a double-layer capacitance of a porous carbon material that comprises at least one of the electrodes, and a self-discharge of the energy storage device is mitigated by at least one of electrostatic attraction, adsorption, physisorption, and chemisorption of a redox couple onto the porous carbon material.

A battery protection circuit has two input nodes and two output nodes. The input nodes are connected to a positive supply line and a negative or ground line respectively, and the two output nodes are connected to a positive side of a load and a negative or ground return side of the load. The circuit includes a solid state switch which is oriented such that when the switch is open current cannot flow from the battery through the load. At least one capacitor is connected in series with a diode between the two input nodes of the circuit to smooth out any negative transient voltages present at the positive input node of the circuit. The capacitor includes a polarized capacitor and the diode is oriented to protect the capacitor during normal use when a positive voltage is present at the input node that is connected to the positive supply line.

A capacitor connection structure of a power conversion device, includes a capacitor having a capacitor end face from which a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal protrudes that is deformed outward into a convex shape when the fuse is blown, a positive electrode-side main conductor and a negative electrode-side main conductor that are formed by a thick plate and that are connected to another electronic component at positions facing the capacitor end face; a positive electrode-side intermediate conductor that connects the positive electrode terminal to the positive electrode-side main conductor; and a negative electrode-side intermediate conductor that connects the negative electrode terminal to the negative electrode-side main conductor. When the capacitor end face is deformed into the convex shape, the positive electrode-side intermediate conductor and the negative electrode-side intermediate conductor are deformed along with inclination of the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal.

An ultracapacitor assembly is provided. The ultracapacitor assembly includes a plurality of ultracapacitors. The ultracapacitor assembly further includes a first bus bar and a second bus bar. The second bus bar is spaced apart from the first bus bar. The ultracapacitor assembly includes a discharge resistor coupled between the first bus bar and the second bus bar. The ultracapacitor assembly further includes a first plurality of switching devices and a second plurality of switching devices. Each switching device in the first plurality of switching devices is coupled between the first bus bar and a corresponding ultracapacitor of the plurality of ultracapacitors to selectively couple the corresponding ultracapacitor the discharge resistor via the first bus bar. Each switching device in the second plurality of switching devices is coupled between the second bus bar and a corresponding ultracapacitor to selectively couple the corresponding ultracapacitor the discharge resistor via the second bus bar.

A method for monitoring one or more characteristics of an ultracapacitor is provided. The method includes obtaining a plurality of voltage measurements. Each of the voltage measurements can be obtained sequentially at one of a plurality of intervals. Furthermore, each of the voltage measurements can be indicative of a voltage across the ultracapacitor. The method can include determining an actual voltage step of the ultracapacitor based on two consecutive voltage measurements of the plurality of voltage measurements. The method can further include determining whether the actual voltage step exceeds a threshold voltage step of the ultracapacitor. Furthermore, in response to determining the actual voltage step exceeds the threshold voltage, the method can include providing a notification associated with performing a maintenance action on the ultracapacitor.

A user equipment is configured for operation in a narrowband wireless communication system. The user equipment is configured to detect receipt of a narrowband positioning reference signal that comprises a narrowband reference signal sequence. The narrowband reference signal sequence is a subsequence of a wideband reference signal sequence. The wideband reference signal sequence is configured for a wideband frequency bandwidth that is wider than a maximum frequency bandwidth defined for the narrowband wireless communication system. The user equipment is also configured to perform a positioning measurement using the narrowband positioning reference signal.

A user equipment is configured for operation in a narrowband wireless communication system. The user equipment is configured to detect receipt of a narrowband positioning reference signal that comprises a narrowband reference signal sequence. The narrowband reference signal sequence is a subsequence of a wideband reference signal sequence. The wideband reference signal sequence is configured for a wideband frequency bandwidth that is wider than a maximum frequency bandwidth defined for the narrowband wireless communication system. The user equipment is also configured to perform a positioning measurement using the narrowband positioning reference signal.

A battery and supercapacitor system of a vehicle includes a lithium ion battery (LIB) having first and second electrodes, and a supercapacitor having third and fourth electrodes. A first reference electrode is disposed between the first and second electrodes and is configured to measure a first potential at a location between the first and second electrodes. A second reference electrode is disposed between the third and fourth electrodes and is configured to measure a second potential at a location between the third and fourth electrodes. The first electrode may be connected to the third electrode, and the second electrode may be connected to the fourth electrode. The first and second reference electrodes may not be connected to any of the first, second, third, or fourth electrodes.