A device includes a first substrate, a silicon layer supported by the first substrate, and an active glass layer with a layer including a crystal material with a chemical formula ABX.sub.3 supported by a glass substrate. The active glass layer is stacked on the first substrate such that the layer including the crystal material with a chemical formula ABX.sub.3 and silicon layer are arranged between the first substrate and the glass substrate.

The present disclosure may provide semiconductor perovskite layers and method of making thereof. In some cases, the perovskite layer may comprise a composition of MA.sub.n1FA.sub.n2Cs.sub.n3PbX.sub.3. MA may be methylammonium, FA may be formamidinium, n1, n2, and n3 may independently be greater than 0 and less than 1, and n1 + n2 + n3 may equal 1.

[Summary] The present invention is to provide a photoelectric conversion element with excellent productivity, initial output performance and durability.

[Tasks] A photoelectric conversion element in which a first substrate, a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, a second electrode, and a second substrate are sequentially laminated, includes an adhesive layer surrounding at least the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein a clearance surrounding an outer edge of the adhesive layer is formed between the outer edge of the adhesive layer and an outer edge of the first substrate in a plan view.

A flexible dye-sensitized solar cell includes: a fiber layer formed of nanofibers; a conductive electrode layer formed on one side of the fiber layer; a photoelectrode layer formed on the conductive electrode layer; a counter electrode layer formed on the other side of the fiber layer; a sealing member for enclosing the fiber layer, the conductive electrode layer, the counter electrode layer and the photoelectrode layer therein so as to seal said layers from the outside; and an electrolyte infiltrated into the fiber layer. A cell body in which an electrode and a photoelectrode are formed on one surface of the fiber that contains an electrolyte therein and a counter electrode is formed on the other side of the fiber is sealed with a polymer film, thus forming a flexible solar cell having an excellent sealing structure for preventing the electrolyte from leaking out of the cell even when pressure is externally applied.

The present invention aims to provide a solar cell that is excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency, suffers little degradation during encapsulation (initial degradation), and has excellent durability. The present invention relates to a solar cell including: a laminate having an electrode, a counter electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode; and an inorganic layer covering the counter electrode to encapsulate the laminate, the photoelectric conversion layer including an organic-inorganic perovskite compound represented by the formula: R-M-X.sub.3, R representing an organic molecule, M representing a metal atom, X representing a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom, the inorganic layer containing a metal oxide, a metal nitride, or a metal oxynitride.

A solar battery cell, comprises a substrate; a first electrode provided on the substrate; a photoelectric conversion layer provided on the first electrode; a second electrode provided on the photoelectric conversion layer; and a barrier layer so provided as to cover a side portion of the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer has an electron transport layer, a light absorption layer provided on the electron transport layer, and a hole transport layer provided on the light absorption layer, the light absorption layer includes a compound having a perovskite crystal structure, and the barrier layer is a dense inorganic material layer.

A photovoltaic device includes one or more features that taken alone or in combination enhance its efficiency. Some embodiments may comprise a tandem solar device in which a top PV cell is fabricated upon a front transparent substrate, that also serves as the top encapsulating substance. The top PV cell including the front encapsulating substance is then bonded (e.g., using adhesive) to a bottom PV cell in order to complete the tandem device. Using the same transparent, insulating element as both front encapsulating substance and a substrate for fabricating the top PV cell, obviates to the need to provide a separate structure (with resulting interfaces) to perform the latter role. For tandem and non-tandem PV devices, a Through-Substrate-Via (TSV) structure may extend through an insulating substrate in order to provide contact with an opposite side (e.g., back electrode). Embodiments may find particular use in fabricating shingled perovskite photovoltaic solar cells.

A dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element including a cell is disclosed. The cell includes a conductive substrate and a transparent conductive layer, a counter substrate facing the conductive substrate and including a metal substrate, a semiconductor layer provided on the conductive substrate, a sealing portion bonding the conductive and the counter substrates, a connecting portion connecting one end of a wiring material and the metal substrate, and a portion to be connected which is connected to the other end of the wiring material, the connecting portion contains first conductive particles, a filler, and a binder resin, the wiring material contains second conductive particles and a binder resin, an average particle diameter of the first conductive particles is greater than that of the filler in the connecting portion, and a content rate of the filler in the connecting portion is greater than that of the filler in the wiring material.

An aspect of the present disclosure is a method that includes, in a first mixture that includes a metal alkoxide and water, reacting at least a portion of the metal alkoxide and at least a portion of the water to form a second mixture that includes a solid metal oxide phase dispersed in the second mixture, applying the second mixture onto a surface of a device that includes an intervening layer adjacent to a perovskite layer such that the intervening layer is between the second mixture and perovskite layer, and treating the second mixture, such that the solid metal oxide phase is transformed to a first solid metal oxide layer such that the intervening layer is positioned between the first solid metal oxide layer and the perovskite layer.

A photoelectric conversion element including a first substrate, a first electrode on the first substrate, a photoelectric conversion layer on the first electrode, a second electrode on the photoelectric conversion layer, a second substrate on the second electrode, and a sealing member disposed between the first electrode and the second substrate and configured to seal at least the photoelectric conversion layer, the first electrode including a through section, the sealing member being in contact with the first substrate through the through section.