The present invention generally relates to an extraction structure for a UV lighting element. The present invention also relates to a UV lamp comprising such an extraction structure onto a substrate. The extraction structure comprises a plurality of nanostructures for anti-reflecting purposes. The nanostructures are grown on the top surface of at least one of the first and second side of the substrate.

The present invention generally relates to an extraction structure for a UV lighting element. The present invention also relates to a UV lamp comprising such an extraction structure onto a substrate. The extraction structure comprises a plurality of nanostructures for anti-reflecting purposes. The nanostructures are grown on the top surface of at least one of the first and second side of the substrate.

A headlamp (1) includes a light-emitting section (4) which emits fluorescence upon receiving excitation light from a laser element (2). Energy intensity distribution of the excitation light, which is received by the light-emitting section (4), is a top-hat distribution.

A testing device for testing an inner surface of a rotationally symmetrical cavity in a workpiece has a measuring head which defines an axial direction, and on which an optical system is situated. The optical system is in image transmission connection with an image recorder and a downstream evaluation apparatus. The testing device also has an illumination arrangement for illuminating an imaging area of the inner surface which is detected by the optical system. The illumination arrangement is designed and configured for illuminating the inner surface which is detected by the optical system. The illumination arrangement can illuminate the inner surface to be tested from different illumination directions in order to generate shadow images of the topography of the inner surface. The evaluation apparatus is designed and configured for determining the topography based on the shadow images recorded by the image recorder.

There is provided a display device including a light-emitting element body part, a low refractive index layer part which is provided over a light output surface of the light-emitting element body part and has a first refractive index, and a packaging member which is provided to seal the light-emitting element body part and the low refractive index layer part inside the packaging member, has a planar light output surface, and has a second refractive index which is greater than the first refractive index.

An image sensor including a color filter isolation layer and a method of manufacturing the image sensor. The image sensor includes a plurality of color filters that transmit light of a predetermined wavelength band to a light sensing layer. The image sensor also includes an isolation layer disposed between adjacent ones of the plurality of color filters. The isolation layer is formed of a material having a lower refractive index than a refractive index of the color filters, thus totally internally reflecting light incident on the isolation layer from one of the plurality of color filters.

A plasma light source apparatus includes a first laser generator configured to generate a first laser. A second laser generator is configured to generate a second laser. A chamber is configured to accommodate and seal a medium material for plasma ignition and to allow plasma to be ignited by the first laser and to be maintained by the second laser. An inner surface of the chamber includes two curved mirrors that face each other.

There is provided a display device including a light-emitting element body part, a low refractive index layer part which is provided over a light output surface of the light-emitting element body part and has a first refractive index, and a packaging member which is provided to seal the light-emitting element body part and the low refractive index layer part inside the packaging member, has a planar light output surface, and has a second refractive index which is greater than the first refractive index.

A surface light source device includes a light source, a plurality of light guide rods that are disposed in parallel and allow light emitted from the light source to enter through an end surface and emits the incident light through an outer peripheral surface, and a diffusion plate that transmits light emitted from the light guide rod while diffusing the light. The light guide rod includes a light control part disposed on a surface along an axis of the light guide rod, and scattering, reflecting, or emitting light guided inside the light guide rod. Further, when an angle of a direction of a perpendicular relative to an extending direction of the diffusion plate from the center of the light guide rod is set as 0, an angle of light having peak intensity to be emitted from the light guide rod is 30 to 90.

A gasket for use in an ultraviolet light source is provided. The gasket includes a body portion formed of an elastomeric material. The body portion is electrically conductive.