A gas light source is disclosed where gas is contained within a graphene cylinder or graphene capsule. Electrodes extending into the graphene cylinder or capsule are stimulated by an electric voltage to emit light. Eight graphene cylinder light sources can be arranged into a seven-segment alpha-numeric display having a decimal point. Different gases produce different colors of light. Three gas light sources having different gases can be arranged into an RGB pixel. An array of RGB pixels can be formed into a display.

A double-ended high intensity discharge lamp includes a luminous tube which comprises an inner tube and an outer tube. At least one electrical member is securely fastened inside the luminous tube and at least one illuminator supported inside the luminous tube with a distributor connected with the electrical member to receive power and supply the illuminator. The outer tube is another protective shield to stop spreading in explosion of the illuminator.

A low pressure mercury gas discharge ultraviolet lamp with a tubular elongate body with two opposing ends, a first end and a second end, which contains a gas filling, and with at least two electric connectors at each end, which are electrically connected to at least one filament being provided at each end. A discharge length is defined between the filaments, in which at least two filaments are provided at each end of the discharge length. The filaments can be individually supplied with electric energy. The at least two filaments at the first end are of different size and different mass, and the at least two filaments at the second end are of different size and different mass.

A double-ended ceramic metal halide lamp includes a luminous tube; at least two illuminators serially connected with each other deposed inside the luminous tube; and at least one ring-shaped retainers arranged between two illuminators to support the illuminators located along a central line of the luminous tube. A manufacturing method for a ceramic metal halide lamp includes following steps: (1) Arrange at least two serially connected illuminators inside an interior of a luminous tube; (2) Seal two ends of the luminous tube by a press sealing technique; and (3) Extract out the gas inside the luminous tube to form an eyelet at a central portion of the luminous tube.

A double-ended ceramic metal halide lamp includes a luminous tube; at least two illuminators serially connected with each other deposed inside the luminous tube; and at least one ring-shaped retainers arranged between two illuminators to support the illuminators located along a central line of the luminous tube. A manufacturing method for a ceramic metal halide lamp includes following steps: (1) Arrange at least two serially connected illuminators inside an interior of a luminous tube; (2) Seal two ends of the luminous tube by a press sealing technique; and (3) Extract out the gas inside the luminous tube to form an eyelet at a central portion of the luminous tube.

A double-ended high intensity discharge lamp includes a luminous tube and reflective layer covering at a reflective portion provided on at least a portion of aid luminous tube for reflecting light emitted from an illuminator supported in the luminous tube towards the reflective portion to project towards another opposing side of the luminous tube.

A double-ended high intensity discharge lamp includes a luminous tube and reflective layer covering at a reflective portion provided on at least a portion of the luminous tube for reflecting light emitted from an illuminator supported in the luminous tube towards the reflective portion to project towards another opposing side of the luminous tube.

An enhanced lighting ceramic metal-halide lamp assembly provides a ceramic metal-halide lamp that operates to illuminate at high temperatures, have an increased life span, and improved color temperatures, color renderings, and luminous efficacies. The lamp assembly includes an at least partially transparent container forming a vacuum. Inside the container, a plurality of ceramic arc tubes are connected by two U-shaped coupling mechanisms. The coupling mechanisms are conductive and resilient, so as to provide both conductivity, and a buffering clearance between the ceramic arc tubes. The lamp assembly is also unique in that it provides a 630 watt double ended ceramic metal-halide lamp, as the ceramic arc tube produces 630 watts, uses about 200 volts and 3 Amps when illuminating. At least one fastening bracket, having resiliency, extends between the ceramic arc tube and inner surface of the container to help stabilize the ceramic arc tubes inside the elongated container.

During a normal operation, alternating drive voltage to be applied between a pair of electrodes provided to face an outer surface of a bottom part of a gas discharge light emitting tube is switched to a voltage value V2 lower than a voltage value V1 at the time of starting lighting. Further, the alternating drive voltage to be applied during the normal discharge operation is intermittently applied in a predetermined cycle and duty ratio to enable adjustment of light emission intensity.

A double-ended ceramic metal halide lamp includes a luminous tube; at least two illuminators serially connected with each other deposed inside the luminous tube; and at least one ring-shaped retainers arranged between two illuminators to support the illuminators located along a central line of the luminous tube. A manufacturing method for a ceramic metal halide lamp includes following steps: (1) Arrange at least two serially connected illuminators inside an interior of a luminous tube; (2) Seal two ends of the luminous tube by a press sealing technique; and (3) Extract out the gas inside the luminous tube to form an eyelet at a central portion of the luminous tube.