An illumination apparatus comprises a plurality of LEDs aligned to an array of directional optical elements wherein the LEDs are substantially at the input aperture of respective optical elements. An electrode array is formed on the array of optical elements to provide at least a first electrical connection to the array of LED elements. Advantageously such an arrangement provides low cost and high efficiency from the directional LED array.

An illumination apparatus comprises a plurality of LEDs aligned to an array of directional optical elements wherein the LEDs are substantially at the input aperture of respective optical elements. An electrode array is formed on the array of optical elements to provide at least a first electrical connection to the array of LED elements. Advantageously such an arrangement provides low cost and high efficiency from the directional LED array.

In various embodiments, lighting systems include a carrier having a plurality of conductive elements disposed thereon and a light-emitting array. The light-emitting array is disposed over the carrier and includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), each of which has at least two electrical contacts electrically connected to conductive elements.

In various embodiments, lighting systems include a carrier having a plurality of conductive elements disposed thereon and a light-emitting array. The light-emitting array is disposed over the carrier and includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), each of which has at least two electrical contacts electrically connected to conductive elements.

A semiconductor package includes a metallic pad and leads, a semiconductor die attached to the metallic pad, the semiconductor die including an active side with bond pads opposite the metallic pad, a wire bond extending from a respective bond pad of the semiconductor die to a respective lead of the leads, a heat spreader over the active side of the semiconductor die with a gap separating the active side of the semiconductor die from the heat spreader, an electrically insulating material within the gap and in contact with the active side of the semiconductor die and the heat spreader; and mold compound covering the semiconductor die and the wire bond, and partially covering the metallic pad and the heat spreader, with the metallic pad exposed on a first outer surface of the semiconductor package and with the heat spreader exposed on a second outer surface of the semiconductor package.

An illumination apparatus comprises a plurality of LEDs aligned to an array of directional optical elements wherein the LEDs are substantially at the input aperture of respective optical elements. An electrode array is formed on the array of optical elements to provide at least a first electrical connection to the array of LED elements. Advantageously such an arrangement provides low cost and high efficiency from the directional LED array.

An illumination apparatus comprises a plurality of LEDs aligned to an array of directional optical elements wherein the LEDs are substantially at the input aperture of respective optical elements. An electrode array is formed on the array of optical elements to provide at least a first electrical connection to the array of LED elements. Advantageously such an arrangement provides low cost and high efficiency from the directional LED array.

A semiconductor package includes a metallic pad and leads, a semiconductor die attached to the metallic pad, the semiconductor die including an active side with bond pads opposite the metallic pad, a wire bond extending from a respective bond pad of the semiconductor die to a respective lead of the leads, a heat spreader over the active side of the semiconductor die with a gap separating the active side of the semiconductor die from the heat spreader, an electrically insulating material within the gap and in contact with the active side of the semiconductor die and the heat spreader; and mold compound covering the semiconductor die and the wire bond, and partially covering the metallic pad and the heat spreader, with the metallic pad exposed on a first outer surface of the semiconductor package and with the heat spreader exposed on a second outer surface of the semiconductor package.

In various embodiments, lighting systems include a carrier having a plurality of conductive elements disposed thereon and a light-emitting array. The light-emitting array is disposed over the carrier and includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), each of which has at least two electrical contacts electrically connected to conductive elements.

In various embodiments, lighting systems include a carrier having a plurality of conductive elements disposed thereon and a light-emitting array. The light-emitting array is disposed over the carrier and includes a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), each of which has at least two electrical contacts electrically connected to conductive elements.