A battery with many cavities that form tiny reaction zones having voids. During charging, lithium metal forms in each cavity on the anode current collector. The formation of lithium metal in each of the many thousands of small cavities that are isolated from each other prevents the buildup of significant quantities of lithium metal in one location. The combination of tiny reaction zones and voids allows lithium metal to form without stressing the structure of the battery cell.

Briefly, a sensor for a continuous biological monitor is provided that has a working electrode with an enhanced enzyme layer that in one embodiment is made by mixing an aqueous polyurethane emulsion with an acrylic polyol emulsion to make a base emulsion. An enzyme is added to the base emulsion, which is applied to the working electrode and cured. Optionally, other additives can be added to the base emulsion prior to application, such as hydrophiles, cross linkers, adding imodeoesters, hydroxysuccimide, carboldilite, melamines, epoxies, benzoyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide.

A positive electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery that includes a first positive active material including a secondary particle including at least two agglomerated primary particles, where at least a portion of the primary particles has a radial arrangement structure, and a second positive active material having a monolith structure, wherein the first and second positive active materials each include a nickel-based positive active material, and an X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak intensity ratio (I(003)/I(104)) of the positive electrode is greater than or equal to about 3. Further embodiments provide a method of manufacturing the positive electrode for rechargeable lithium battery, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same.

Solid-state electrodes and methods of forming solid-state electrodes and batteries are provided. The method includes contacting an electrode precursor with a liquid. The liquid includes one or more precursors of an ionically conductive polymer. The electrode precursor includes a plurality of electroactive particles and a plurality of electrolyte particles disposed on a current collector. A plurality of interparticle pores exists between the electroactive and electrolyte particles. When the electrode precursor is contacted with the liquid, the liquid flows into the interparticle pores. The one or more precursors of the ionically conductive polymer are electropolymerized so as to cause the formation of a polymeric matrix (including the ionically conductive polymer) that surrounds and embeds the plurality of electroactive particles and the plurality of electrolyte particles so as to form the solid-state electrode.

Batteries and associated methods of manufacture are described. According to one aspect, a battery includes a battery case, an anode within the battery case, a cathode within the battery case, a separator configured to electrically insulate the anode from the cathode and the battery case, an electrolyte in contact with the anode and the cathode, and first and second terminal connections connected with respective ones of the anode and the cathode, and wherein the first and second terminal connections are configured to conduct electrons between the anode and the cathode via a load which is external of the battery case.

The utility model provides a liquid-proof metal-air electrode component and a metal-air cell. The liquid-proof metal-air electrode component comprises: a plastic bottom shell, an air electrode and a metal electrode, wherein the metal electrode and the air electrode are respectively provided on the back surface and the front surface of the plastic bottom shell, the metal electrode is fixed to the plastic bottom shell, and the periphery of the air electrode is encapsulated in the plastic bottom shell. The utility model further provides a metal-air cell using the liquid-proof metal-air electrode component. In the liquid-proof metal-air electrode component, an injection molding edge sealing is formed on the periphery of the air electrode, which ensures the sealing performance between the air electrode and the plastic bottom shell, and compared with the fixing method using screws and other fixing parts, it has better sealing performance and product consistency.

Briefly, a sensor for a continuous biological monitor is provided that has a working electrode with an enhanced carbon-enzyme layer that in one embodiment is made by mixing an aqueous polyurethane emulsion with an acrylic polyol emulsion to make a base emulsion. An enzyme and carbon materials are added to the base emulsion, which is applied to the working electrode and cured. The carbon materials may include carbon and graphite to provide strength, as well as graphene or pyrolytic graphite to provide a desirable electrical resistance for the carbon-enzyme layer. Optionally, other additives can be added to the base emulsion prior to application, such as hydophiles, cross linkers, adding imodeoesters, hydroxysuccimide, carboldilite, melamines, epoxies, benzoyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide.

Briefly, a sensor for a continuous biological monitor is provided that has a working electrode with a new interfere layer that is (1) non-electron conducting, (2) ion passing, and (3) permselective for molecular weight. The new interference layer is made by mixing a monomer and a mildly basic buffer, and then electropolymerizing the monomer and the buffer into a polymer. The polymer is deposited onto a working electrode for a continuous metabolic monitor, for example, using an electro depositing process in the form of cyclic voltammety (CV). The interference layer is permselectable for molecule size by adjusting the pH of the basic buffer.

Briefly, a sensor for a continuous biological monitor is provided for measuring the level of a target analyte for a patient. The sensor has a working wire and a reference wire, where the working wire has an analyte limiting layer that passes more than 1 in 1000 analyte molecules from the patient to the an enzyme layer . The enzyme layer has an enzyme entrapped in a polyurethane cross-linked with acrylic polyol. As free electrons are generated, a conductor transfers the electrons to the biological monitor. In some cases, the sensor may be constructed without the use of any expensive platinum.

Briefly, a sensor for a continuous biological monitor is provided that has a working electrode with a new interfere layer that is (1) non-electron conducting, (2) ion passing, and (3) permselective for molecular weight. The new interference layer is made by mixing a monomer and a mildly basic buffer, and then electropolymerizing the monomer and the buffer into a polymer. The polymer is deposited onto a working electrode for a continuous metabolic monitor, for example, using an electro depositing process in the form of cyclic voltammety (CV). The interference layer is permselectable for molecule size by adjusting the pH of the basic buffer.