An apparatus includes a stack of layers where the stack has a touch sensor in at least one sensor layer of the stack of layers, the touch sensor having a first set of electrodes and a second set of electrodes, where the first set and the second set are electrically isolated from one another; an antenna in art antenna layer of the stack of layers; and a shield located between the at least one sensor layer and the antenna layer.

A wireless communication system may include an electronic device having an antenna element. The antenna element may convey radio-frequency signals greater than 10 GHz across a dielectric housing wall. A dielectric matching structure may be interposed between the antenna element and the dielectric housing wall. The wireless communication system may include external equipment having an antenna element communicatively coupled to the electronic device antenna element to convey firmware testing, debugging, restore, and/or other data via a near-field wireless communication link. The external equipment may be configured to receive the electronic device at an opening. A dielectric matching structure may be provided at the external equipment between the dielectric housing wall and the external equipment antenna element. The interior surface of the dielectric housing wall may have planar, convex, or concave portions.

A gradient permittivity film comprises (a) a first permittivity layer comprising a first continuous matrix of a first material having a first relative permittivity (ε.sub.r1) and a second component having a second relative permittivity (ε.sub.r2) dispersed in the first continuous matrix, the first permittivity layer having a first effective layer relative permittivity (ε.sub.1) and a thickness (T.sub.1); and (b) a second permittivity layer having a second effective layer relative permittivity (ε.sub.2) and a thickness (T.sub.2) disposed on the first permittivity layer T.sub.1=0.8(t.sub.1) to 1.2(t.sub.1), where t.sub.1=(I); T.sub.2=0.8(t.sub.2) to 1.2 (T.sub.2), where T.sub.2=(II). $\begin{array}{cc}{t}_1=\frac{c}{4f\sqrt{{\epsilon }_1}}& \left(I\right)\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}{t}_2=\frac{c}{4f\sqrt{{\epsilon }_2}}& \left(\mathrm{II}\right)\end{array}$

A communication device includes a dielectric substrate, a radiating element that has a flat shape and that is formed on the dielectric substrate, a housing that covers the dielectric substrate, and a rib. The rib is disposed in contact with the housing and the dielectric substrate. Feed points to which a radio frequency signal from an RFIC is supplied are formed in the radiating element. The rib and the dielectric substrate are in contact with each other in a center side region of the radiating element relative to the feed points, in a plan view from a normal direction of the dielectric substrate.

This application discloses an apparatus for minimizing the optical effects of transmissive domes, and for using the dome surfaces to correct for other optical aberrations and distortions. Herein, the inner surface of the dome is designed to correct for unwanted optical effects of the outer surface of the dome and may also be used to correct for other anticipated effects in the overall optical system.

In examples, systems and methods for direction finding of electromagnetic signals are described. The device includes a first antenna configured to receive electromagnetic energy. The device also includes a second antenna configured to separately receive the same electromagnetic energy. The device further includes a radome located in a receiving pathway of the first antenna, where the radome is configured to cause a predetermined phase shift that varies based on an angular position of the receiving pathway. The device includes 1 or more radio receivers to receive the signals independently from the antennas. Additionally, the direction finding device includes a processor configured to determine an angle of arrival of the electromagnetic energy based on a comparison of a phase of the electromagnetic energy received by the first antenna to a phase of the electromagnetic energy received by the second antenna.

An integrated base station antenna comprises a passive antenna that includes a front radome, a matching dielectric layer and a rear radome; and an active antenna mounted on the back of the passive antenna. A distance between the rear radome of the passive antenna and the matching dielectric layer is a first distance, and the distance between the active antenna and the rear radome of the passive antenna is a second distance, where the first distance is selected as 0.25 + n/2 times the equivalent wavelength, where n is a positive integer, and the second distance is selected as 0.25 + N/2 times the equivalent wavelength, where N is a natural number. The equivalent wavelength is within the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times of the wavelength corresponding to a center frequency of an operating frequency band of the radiating elements in the active antenna.

An antenna radome apparatus is provided, the apparatus including: an antenna generating circular polarization; a radome protecting the antenna from an external environment; and a metal mask pattern having a predetermined shape on an inner wall or an outer wall of the radome, wherein the metal mask pattern suppresses a multipath signal flowing into the antenna.

The application discloses a wideband dual-polarized antenna, including a reflective plate and a radiating element mounted on the reflective plate. The radiating element includes four dipoles which are combined together to be arranged on the reflective plate; two arms of each dipole are respectively connected to top ends of two conductor, and bottom ends of the conductor are connected to a common base and are placed on the reflective plate; a focusing member with a conical structure is mounted above the radiating element, and includes conductive members and dielectric members. The conductive members are arranged on the dielectric members in an axisymmetrical manner, are supported by the dielectric members and are arranged above the dipoles. The beamwidth is adjusted by arranging the focusing member with the conical structure above the radiating element so that the wideband dual-polarized antenna has the beamwidth reaching the desired range, has lower cross polarization ratio.

A method for testing the transmission and reflection properties of an automotive radome body is described. An automotive radome body is placed at an installation location. A first signal is sent via at least one transmission antenna of an antenna system facing a first side of the radome body wherein the reflected part of the first signal is received by several receiving antennas of the antenna system facing the first side in order to determine the reflection properties of the radome body. A second signal is sent via a remote transmission antenna facing a second side of the radome body being opposite to the first side wherein the transmitted part of the second signal is received by the several receiving antennas of the antenna system in order to determine the transmission properties of the radome body. Further, an apparatus is described.