A signal transmission apparatus includes: a shielding cabinet and at least one group of first signal transceiver assemblies, at least one antenna assembly, and a first installation structure that are disposed inside the shielding cabinet, where the first installation structure has a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one group of first signal transceiver assemblies, each antenna assembly includes an antenna probe and a signal cable that are connected to each other, and the antenna probe performs, by using the signal cable, signal transmission with another signal transmission apparatus disposed outside the shielding cabinet; signal transmission is performed between the first signal transceiver assembly and the antenna probe in a wireless manner; and each first installation structure can drive a corresponding group of first signal transceiver assemblies to move.

An antenna system includes: an antenna, the antenna configured to combine the feed elements to form a high gain element beam (HGEB), the system further configured to combine the HGEBs to form a large coverage beam; and a feed array configured to transfer a signal to the antenna, the feed array being defocused from a focal plane of the antenna by a defocus distance, the feed array comprising a number N of feed elements.

An earth coverage antenna system includes a reflector, a feed horn and a strut. The reflector has a circularly symmetric reflector surface. The feed horn is positioned on the symmetry axis of the reflector and is attached to the strut. The feed horn transmits RF microwave energy toward the reflector surface. The antenna system further includes two cables that prevent side-ways movement of the strut. The antenna system further includes a lens assembly that directs microwave energy away from the central region of the reflector. The antenna system further includes a microwave energy scattering device disposed at the center of the reflector to scatter microwave energy away from the feed horn. The reflector surface is defined by a perturbed parabolic geometrical shape that is swept around the symmetry axis. The reflector reflects most microwave energy towards the earth's horizon, but diverts enough microwave energy towards the regions closer to nadir so as to maintain an isoflux of energy on the earth's surface. The reflector shape is optimized to minimize flux ripples caused by interference of the microwave energy scattered from the microwave energy scattering device.

A base station antenna includes a radiating element that extends forwardly from a backplane and that is configured to transmit and receive signals in the 5.15-5.25 GHz frequency band and a radio frequency lens that is mounted forwardly of the radiating element. The RF lens is configured to re-direct a portion of an RF signal emitted by the radiating element downwardly so that a first peak emission of RF energy through a combination of the radiating element and the RF lens at elevation angles that are greater than 30 from a boresight pointing direction of the radiating element is less than a second peak emission of RF energy through the combination of the radiating element and the RF lens at elevation angles that are less than 30 from the boresight pointing direction of the radiating element.

An antenna system includes: an antenna, the antenna configured to combine the feed elements to form a high gain element beam (HGEB), the system further configured to combine the HGEBs to form a large coverage beam; and a feed array configured to transfer a signal to the antenna, the feed array being defocused from a focal plane of the antenna by a defocus distance, the feed array comprising a number N of feed elements.

Systems and techniques are provided for radio frequency (RF) beamforming using a plurality of differently skewed cylindrical lenses. In one example, an apparatus for wireless communication may include a plurality of cylindrical lenses, each respective cylindrical lens of the plurality of cylindrical lenses having a respective first surface and a respective second surface opposite to the respective first surface. Each respective cylindrical lens can include a power direction corresponding to a curvature of each respective first surface and a non-power direction that is orthogonal to the power direction. The apparatus can further include at least one linear antenna array disposed proximate to each respective second surface of each respective cylindrical lens, the at least one linear antenna array including a plurality of antenna array elements.

According to an aspect, there is provided an antenna arrangement. Said antenna arrangement comprises two or more feed antennas adapted to transmit and receive radio signals. The two or more feed antennas comprise at least a first feed antenna adapted to operate in a first frequency band and a second feed antenna adapted to operate in a second frequency band, where the first and second frequency bands being discontiguous with each other. Moreover, the antenna arrangement comprises an antenna radome arranged around the two or more feed antennas. Said antenna radome comprises a metallic section implementing an antenna reflector for the two or more feed antennas and a nonmetallic section penetrable by radio waves.

A parabolic cylindrical reflector antenna that comprises two or more antenna feeds each directed towards a parabolic cylindrical reflector, wherein the antenna feeds are positioned in one or more line-arrays parallel to a focal line of the parabolic cylindrical reflector, and the line-array is substantially centered opposing the reflector. The antenna comprises a controller configured to scan along a straight edge of the reflector by electronically adjusting a phase of each of the antenna feeds, thereby changing the incident angle of an energy beam relative to the reflector. The controller is configured to scan along a curved edge of the reflector by moving, using a mechanical positioning mechanism, the antenna feeds in a direction parallel to a directrix of the reflector while maintaining the positioning or by electronically selecting one of two or more parallel line-arrays.

Reconfigurable RF front-end circuit for a multi-beam array fed reflector antenna system having a first plurality of N.sub.B input beam signals and a second plurality of N.sub.E radiating elements (RE), and method of operating such a front-end circuit. The front-end circuit comprises a reconfigurable beam forming network (LLRBFN), having a set of N.sub.B input ports and distributing each input port signal to a plurality of N.sub.A output ports with phase and amplitude control, a plurality of N.sub.A high power amplifiers (HPA) connected to the plurality of N.sub.A output ports of the reconfigurable beam forming network (LLRBFN) and an output network (ONET, OSN), arranged for recombining signals output by the high power amplifiers (HPA) and feeding the recombined signals to the second plurality of N.sub.E radiating elements (RE). The high power amplifiers (HPA) are variable bias high power amplifiers (VB-HPA).

A base station antenna includes a radiating element that extends forwardly from a backplane and that is configured to transmit and receive signals in the 5.15-5.25 GHz frequency band and a radio frequency lens that is mounted forwardly of the radiating element. The RF lens is configured to re-direct a portion of an RF signal emitted by the radiating element downwardly so that a first peak emission of RF energy through a combination of the radiating element and the RF lens at elevation angles that are greater than 30 from a boresight pointing direction of the radiating element is less than a second peak emission of RF energy through the combination of the radiating element and the RF lens at elevation angles that are less than 30 from the boresight pointing direction of the radiating element.