A system includes one or more antennas; and a processor to control a directionality of the antennas in communication with a predetermined target using 5G protocols.

A method is proposed for operating a re-configurable reflective device, RRD, the RRD being re-configurable to provide multiple spatial filters, each one of the multiple spatial filters being associated with a respective input spatial direction from which incident signals on a data radio channel are accepted and with a respective output spatial direction into which the incident signals are reflected by the RRD. The method comprises: receiving, by the RRD from a first communication node, CN1, on a positioning radio channel different from the data radio channel, a CN1 reference signal, determining, by the RRD, an estimated CN1 angle of arrival of the CN1 reference signal, and reconfiguring the RRD based on the estimated CN1 angle of arrival.

A phase shift element includes an antenna, a first dielectric layer, a ground plane mounted to a first surface of the first dielectric layer, a reflecting circuit, and a single antenna-reflector line connected between the antenna and the reflecting circuit through the ground plane and the first dielectric layer. The antenna-reflector line is formed of a conducting material. The reflecting circuit is mounted to a second surface of the first dielectric layer. The first surface is opposite the second surface. The reflecting circuit is configured to reflect a signal received on the single antenna-reflector line from the antenna back to the antenna on the single antenna-reflector line. The reflecting circuit is further configured to be switchable between four different impedance levels that each provide a different phase shift when the signal is reflected by the reflecting circuit.

A phase shift element includes an antenna, a first dielectric layer, a ground plane mounted to a first surface of the first dielectric layer, a reflecting circuit, and a single antenna-reflector line connected between the antenna and the reflecting circuit through the ground plane and the first dielectric layer. The antenna-reflector line is formed of a conducting material. The reflecting circuit is mounted to a second surface of the first dielectric layer. The first surface is opposite the second surface. The reflecting circuit is configured to reflect a signal received on the single antenna-reflector line from the antenna back to the antenna on the single antenna-reflector line. The reflecting circuit is further configured to be switchable between two different impedance levels that each provide a different phase shift when the signal is reflected by the reflecting circuit.

A phase shift element includes an antenna, a first dielectric layer, a ground plane mounted to a first surface of the first dielectric layer, a reflecting circuit, and a single antenna-reflector line connected between the antenna and the reflecting circuit through the ground plane and the first dielectric layer. The antenna-reflector line is formed of a conducting material. The reflecting circuit is mounted to a second surface of the first dielectric layer. The first surface is opposite the second surface. The reflecting circuit is configured to reflect a signal received on the single antenna-reflector line from the antenna back to the antenna on the single antenna-reflector line. The reflecting circuit is further configured to be switchable between two different impedance levels that each provide a different phase shift when the signal is reflected by the reflecting circuit.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are described herein which utilizes and controls an electromagnetic energy beam steering apparatus. The electromagnetic energy beam steering apparatus uses directional properties of a Luneburg lens to receive RF energy from one or more points of the Luneburg lens and re-transmits the RF energy from a different point of the Luneburg lens to focus the RF energy in a desired direction. The electromagnetic energy beam steering apparatus may take a form of a passive repeater, an active repeater, or a multipath active repeater.

Various aspects to reduce interferences in presence of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) are provided. In an aspect, a first device perform a first transmission using a first set of beams of the first device in response to an activated RIS for serving a second device to facilitate communication between the first device and the second device not being present. The first device may further perform a second transmission using a second set of beams of the first device in response to the activated RIS being present, the second set of beams being a subset of the first set of beams that excludes one or more beams of the first set of beams.

Reflectarray antenna elements, reflectarrays, and a method of operating an antenna element are described. A reflectarray antenna element includes a patch (14) of electrically conductive material for reflecting an electromagnetic field; a dielectric substrate (12) providing an RF ground; first and second phase control lines (16, 18) of electrically conductive material arranged to interact with electromagnetic radiation with a first polarisation; a first binary switching device (24) having an ON or OFF state disposed between the patch and ground, and configured to selectively electrically couple the patch to ground via the first phase control line; a second binary switching device (26) having an ON or OFF state disposed between the patch and ground, and configured to selectively electrically couple the patch to ground via the second phase control line; a single DC bias input electrically coupled to the patch and configurable to different discrete voltage levels for selectively controlling the states of the switching devices. Selective operation of the first and second binary switching devices occurs by means of the DC bias input provides phase control of electromagnetic radiation dependent on the state of the switching devices. Described is a phase control mechanism of unit cells to enable a reconfigurable/smart reflectarray platform.

Reflectarray antenna elements, reflectarrays, and a method of operating an antenna element are described. A reflectarray antenna element includes a patch (14) of electrically conductive material for reflecting an electromagnetic field; a dielectric substrate (12) providing an RF ground; first and second phase control lines (16, 18) of electrically conductive material arranged to interact with electromagnetic radiation with a first polarisation; a first binary switching device (24) having an ON or OFF state disposed between the patch and ground, and configured to selectively electrically couple the patch to ground via the first phase control line; a second binary switching device (26) having an ON or OFF state disposed between the patch and ground, and configured to selectively electrically couple the patch to ground via the second phase control line; a single DC bias input electrically coupled to the patch and configurable to different discrete voltage levels for selectively controlling the states of the switching devices. Selective operation of the first and second binary switching devices occurs by means of the DC bias input provides phase control of electromagnetic radiation dependent on the state of the switching devices. Described is a phase control mechanism of unit cells to enable a reconfigurable/smart reflectarray platform.

A system includes one or more sensors coupled to equipment; one or more 5G antennas; one or more 5G transceivers coupled to the one or more 5G antennas; and a processor to control one or more wireless or antenna network resources to deliver wireless communication to a remote device.