One general aspect includes methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for fault protection of a bidirectional wireless power transfer system. The method includes the actions of detecting, by control circuitry of a wireless power transfer device, a fault for the bidirectional wireless power transfer system. Identifying an operating personality of the wireless power transfer device and a hardware configuration of the wireless power transfer device. Identifying, in response to detecting the fault and based on the operating personality and the hardware configuration, protection operations for protecting the wireless power transfer device from the fault. Controlling operations of the wireless power transfer device according to the protection operations. Other implementations of this aspect include corresponding systems, circuitry, controllers, apparatus, and computer programs, configured to perform the actions of the methods, encoded on computer storage devices.

One general aspect includes methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for fault protection of a bidirectional wireless power transfer system. The method includes the actions of detecting, by control circuitry of a wireless power transfer device, a fault for the bidirectional wireless power transfer system. Identifying an operating personality of the wireless power transfer device and a hardware configuration of the wireless power transfer device. Identifying, in response to detecting the fault and based on the operating personality and the hardware configuration, protection operations for protecting the wireless power transfer device from the fault. Controlling operations of the wireless power transfer device according to the protection operations. Other implementations of this aspect include corresponding systems, circuitry, controllers, apparatus, and computer programs, configured to perform the actions of the methods, encoded on computer storage devices.

A method and circuit for protecting circuit elements in a traffic control system from an overcurrent condition. In accordance with an embodiment, the circuit includes a current sensing element, a switching element, and a microcontroller. The circuit monitors first and second operating parameters and compares the first operating parameter with a first reference parameter and the second operating parameter with a second reference parameter. In response to the first operating parameter exceeding the first reference parameter and the second operating parameter exceeding the second reference parameter, the microcontroller generates a control signal to open the switching element.

An electrical system for a vehicle includes a main battery system configured to provide power for starting/cranking an engine of the vehicle, an auxiliary battery system configured to provide power for powering a set of accessory loads of the vehicle during starting/cranking of the engine, and a solid-state device disposed therebetween and including a solid-state switch configured to close/open to connect/disconnect the main and auxiliary battery systems to/from each other and intelligence circuity configured to monitor voltages in the main and auxiliary battery systems or current flowing therethrough and, based on the monitoring, commanding the solid-state switch to open to isolate the other of the main and auxiliary battery systems, wherein the isolated one of the main and auxiliary battery systems is configured to provide a degraded but operational operation of an L2+ autonomous driving feature of the vehicle.

An electrical system for a vehicle includes a main battery system configured to provide power for starting/cranking an engine of the vehicle, an auxiliary battery system configured to provide power for powering a set of accessory loads of the vehicle during starting/cranking of the engine, and a solid-state device disposed therebetween and including a solid-state switch configured to close/open to connect/disconnect the main and auxiliary battery systems to/from each other and intelligence circuity configured to monitor voltages in the main and auxiliary battery systems or current flowing therethrough and, based on the monitoring, commanding the solid-state switch to open to isolate the other of the main and auxiliary battery systems, wherein the isolated one of the main and auxiliary battery systems is configured to provide a degraded but operational operation of an L2+ autonomous driving feature of the vehicle.

A temporary power delivery system includes a power source, a booth stringer, and a portable GFCI device. The GFCI device is receives current from the power source by a first terminal and delivers current to the booth stringer by a second terminal. An electronic processor of the GFCI device compares a combined magnitude of current flowing through first and second phase conductors of the GFCI device to a magnitude of current flowing through a neutral conductor of the GFCI. The electronic processor also compares a first voltage between the first phase conductor and neutral conductor to a second voltage between the second phase conductor and neutral conductor. A circuit breaker of the GFCI device is opened if a difference between the combined magnitude of phase conductor current and neutral conductor current exceeds a first threshold or a difference between the first voltage and second voltage exceeds a second threshold.

A temporary power delivery system includes a power source, a booth stringer, and a portable GFCI device. The GFCI device is receives current from the power source by a first terminal and delivers current to the booth stringer by a second terminal. An electronic processor of the GFCI device compares a combined magnitude of current flowing through first and second phase conductors of the GFCI device to a magnitude of current flowing through a neutral conductor of the GFCI. The electronic processor also compares a first voltage between the first phase conductor and neutral conductor to a second voltage between the second phase conductor and neutral conductor. A circuit breaker of the GFCI device is opened if a difference between the combined magnitude of phase conductor current and neutral conductor current exceeds a first threshold or a difference between the first voltage and second voltage exceeds a second threshold.

A method for detecting arc faults when charging electric battery systems or lead acid batteries, which are electrically connected in series to form a string which is supplied via a DC voltage converter. A first value corresponding to an electric voltage applied to the string and a second value corresponding to an electric current flowing through the string are generated. As a first condition, it is checked whether the first value changes by more than a first limit value within a first time window. As the second condition, it is checked whether the second value changes by more than a second limit value within a second time window. An arc is detected if the first condition and the second condition are met within a third time window. Provided also is a method for manufacturing electric battery systems, in particular lead acid batteries, as well as to a cut-off device.

A system and method for protection of an electrical grid. A respective one of the substations of the system including: a first directional protective relay to generate a signal operating on the electrical power line between the respective one of the substations and a remote one of the substations; a cyber health module to receive remote signals from two remote directional protective relays and output a reliability signal based on consistency of the remote signals and a status of the communication channels being operational; a circuit breaker to interrupt electrical power flow when directed; and a comparison circuit to receive signals and to direct the circuit breaker to interrupt electrical power flow when the reliability signal from the cyber health module indicates consistency, the first directional protective relay indicates fault, and at least one of the remote directional protective relays indicate fault.

A method of performing fault detection can include: performing a sampling operation to obtain a first voltage signal and a first current signal from a circuit path; performing a phase adjustment on the first voltage signal and the first current signal to generate a second voltage signal and a second current signal; transmitting the second voltage signal and the second current signal to a fault detection network that is pre-trained to accordingly process and generate a fault detection result; and operably disconnecting the circuit path when a fault is detected based on the fault detection result.