There is described a device for generating electromagnetic field oscillation in a RF device or cavity. The device generally has a photo-diode configured for receiving a laser pulse train and emitting a first electrical signal based thereon, the first electrical signal having a plurality of frequencies; and a harmonics selector configured to output a second electrical signal having one or more frequency of the first electrical signal, the one or more frequency being selected in a manner for the output to generate the electromagnetic field oscillation in the RF device or cavity.

An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is disclosed comprising an electronically tunable filter for transposing narrow pass band characteristics of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter to a microwave frequency to provide mode selection in the OEO. An OEO is disclosed comprising a set of optical domain components, a downconverter in communication with an output of the optical domain components, and a set of radio frequency (RF) domain components in communication with an output of the downconverter. The set of RF domain components comprises a tunable filter operating at a filter center frequency and having an output coupled to the set of optical domain components for communicating a mode selection result. The tunable filter including a tuner; and a sub-filter. The sub-filter operating at a fixed center frequency to provide mode selection and adjacent mode suppression with respect to the tunable filter center frequency. The sub-filter center frequency being lower than the tunable filter center frequency, and a ratio of the tunable filter center frequency to a bandwidth of the sub-filter being at least 1000:1.

A quantum interference device includes: an atomic cell in which alkali metal is sealed; a light source that emits light that excites the alkali metal; a light source temperature adjuster that adjusts temperature of the light source; a light receiver that receives light transmitted through the atomic cell and outputs an output signal in accordance with a light reception intensity; a detector that outputs an output signal in accordance with a chronological change in an amount of the light transmitted through the atomic cell based on the output signal of the light receiver; and a light source temperature controller that controls driving of the light source temperature adjuster based on the output signal of the detector.

A quantum interference device includes an atom cell module including an atom cell in which alkali metal is encapsulated, a light source that emits light adapted to excite the alkali metal, and a heater that heats the atom cell and the light source, a package that houses the atom cell module, and a controller adapted to control drive of the heater so that the light source becomes at a set temperature, R(TvTout)/Qv is satisfied, where R [ C./W] is a thermal resistance between the atom cell module and the package, Tv [ C.] is the set temperature, Tout [ C.] is an upper limit value of a usage environmental temperature set to a value lower than the set temperature, Qv [W] is an amount of heat generation of the light source.

A method and system of providing harmonic frequency multiplication are provided. An input signal having a frequency f, is received by a programmable timing circuit. A signal that is in phase with the input signal, is provided at the first output of the programmable timing circuit. A time delayed version of the input signal, having the frequency f, is provided at the second output of the programmable timing circuit. A signal having the frequency f, is provided at the output of a first buffer. A duty cycled controlled signal having the frequency f, is provided at the output of the second buffer. A frequency nf, where n is a positive integer, is provided at the output of the multiplier. A higher-order frequency multiplied signal based on the frequencies f and nf, is provided at the output of a mixer.

A method and system of providing harmonic frequency multiplication are provided. An input signal having a frequency f, is received by a programmable timing circuit. A signal that is in phase with the input signal, is provided at the first output of the programmable timing circuit. A time delayed version of the input signal, having the frequency f, is provided at the second output of the programmable timing circuit. A signal having the frequency f, is provided at the output of a first buffer. A duty cycled controlled signal having the frequency f, is provided at the output of the second buffer. A frequency nf, where n is a positive integer, is provided at the output of the multiplier. A higher-order frequency multiplied signal based on the frequencies f and nf, is provided at the output of a mixer.

A system for correcting a duty cycle comprises a digital quadrature generator circuit, a frequency doubler circuit, a first duty cycle correction circuit coupled between the digital quadrature generator circuit and the frequency doubler circuit, and a second duty cycle correction circuit coupled between the digital quadrature generator circuit and the frequency doubler circuit. The first duty cycle correction circuit comprises a first stacked duty cycle correction circuit and the second duty cycle correction circuit comprises a second stacked duty cycle correction circuit.

An ion-based atomic clock comprising an ion trap configured to trap a plurality of ions; and a micro-resonator-based frequency comb configured to directly drive a terahertz transition between metastable levels in the trapped plurality of ions. The micro-resonator-based frequency comb may be configured to directly drive a 24 terahertz transition in at least one Ba.sup.+ ion, a 8.4 terahertz transition in at least one Sr.sup.+ ion, or a 1.8 terahertz transition in at least one Ca.sup.+ ion. The micro-resonator-based frequency comb may be configured to provide output similar to a pulsed laser. The ion-based atomic clock may be free of a carrier-offset-stabilized frequency comb. The ion-based atomic clock may comprise a mini-vacuum ion trap assembly. Polarization of the micro-resonator-based frequency comb may be tuned to make the ion-based atomic clock be insensitive to laser light power fluctuations.

A method of quantum processing using a quantum processor comprising a plurality of Kerr non-linear oscillators (KNOs), each operably drivable by both i) a controllable single-boson drive and ii) a controllable two-boson drive, the method comprising simultaneously controlling a drive frequency and a drive amplitude of the controllable single-boson drives to define a problem and controlling a drive frequency and a drive amplitude of the two-photon drives to define the Hilbert space, including increasing the amplitude of the two-boson drive and reaching both amplitude conditions a) 4 times the amplitude of the two-boson drives being greater than the loss rate, and b) the amplitude of the two-boson drives being greater than the amplitude of the single-boson drive, and maintaining both amplitude conditions a) and b) until a solution to the problem is reached; and reading the solution.

An atomic oscillator includes a gas cell, a semiconductor laser, and a frequency modulation signal generation section (such as a frequency transform circuit) which generates a frequency modulation signal for causing the semiconductor laser to generate frequency-modulated light including a resonance light pair (first-order sideband light pair) that causes an electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon in metal atoms. When a modulation index of the frequency modulation signal, by which a first-order differential value of oscillation frequency deviation of the atomic oscillator becomes 0, is regarded as a first modulation index, the modulation index is within a range between a second modulation index, which is smaller than the first modulation index, with which the oscillation frequency deviation is 0 and a third modulation index, which is greater than the first modulation index, with which the oscillation frequency deviation is 0.