An apparatus for generating a radio frequency signal based on a symbol within a constellation diagram is provided. The constellation diagram is spanned by a first axis representing an in-phase component and an orthogonal second axis representing a quadrature component. The apparatus includes a processing unit configured to select a segment of a plurality of segments of the constellation diagram containing the symbol. The segment is delimited by a third axis and a fourth axis each crossing the origin of the constellation diagram and spanning an opening angle of the segment of less than about 90. The processing unit is further configured to calculate a first coordinate of the symbol with respect to the third axis, and a second coordinate of the symbol with respect to the fourth axis. The apparatus further includes a plurality of digital-to-analog converter cells configured to generate the radio frequency signal using the first coordinate and the second coordinate.

Techniques related to signal processing include setting up a first operation mode or a second operation mode. In the first operation mode: providing a first analog signal to a first A/D converter by a first switch and a second analog signal to a second A/D by second switch, and converting the first analog signal to a first digital signal by the first A/D and the second analog signal to a second digital signal by the second A/D. In the second operation mode: demodulating a third analog signal to an in-phase signal and a quadrature signal by an I-Q-demodulator, providing the in-phase signal to the first A/D by the first switch, providing the quadrature signal to a second A/D by second switch, converting the in-phase signal to a third digital signal by the first A/D, and converting the quadrature signal to a fourth digital signal by the second A/D.

A system and method are provided relating generally to data transmission and more particularly to modulation techniques offering increased data transmission rates. To so provide, a first amplitude-time modulated (ATM) signal and a first phase modulated signal are combined at a first combiner to produce a complex wave modulation signal, and the complex wave modulation signal and an additional signal are combined at a second combiner to produce a second complex wave modulation signal. The additional signal may be a second ATM signal or a second phase modulated signal. Optionally, the second complex wave modulation signal and a second additional signal may be combined to produce a third complex wave modulation signal. In accordance with at least one embodiment, a shape of an element of information according to the first ATM signal may be defined programmatically over subportions of less than the duration of the element of information.

Techniques related to signal processing include setting up a first operation mode or a second operation mode. In the first operation mode: providing a first analogue signal to a first A/D converter by a first switch and a second analogue signal to a second A/D by second switch, and converting the first analogue signal to a first digital signal by the first A/D and the second analogue signal to a second digital signal by the second A/D. In the second operation mode: demodulating a third analogue signal to an in-phase signal and a quadrature signal by an I-Q-demodulator, providing the in-phase signal to the first A/D by the first switch, providing the quadrature signal to a second A/D by second switch, converting the in-phase signal to a third digital signal by the first A/D, and converting the quadrature signal to a fourth digital signal by the second A/D.

A method for generating a control signal for an acousto-optical element includes generating a raw signal using at least one correction term by an IQ modulation from a target I component and a target Q component, and amplifying the raw signal to become the control signal. The target I component and/or the target Q component are corrected using the at least one correction term. The at least one correction term is obtained from an analysis of the control signal.

Local oscillator (LO) leakage and Image are common and undesirable effects in typical transmitters. Typically, fairly complex hardware and algorithms are used to calibrate and reduce these impairments. A single transistor that draws essentially no dc current and occupies a very small area detects the LO leakage and Image signals. The single transistor operating as a square-law device is used to mix the signals at the input and output ports of a power amplifier. The mixed signal generated by the single transistor enables the simultaneous calibration of the LO leakage and Image Rejection.

An apparatus for generating a radio frequency signal based on a symbol within a constellation diagram is provided. The constellation diagram is spanned by a first axis representing an in-phase component and an orthogonal second axis representing a quadrature component. The apparatus includes a processing unit configured to select a segment of a plurality of segments of the constellation diagram containing the symbol. The segment is delimited by a third axis and a fourth axis each crossing the origin of the constellation diagram and spanning an opening angle of the segment of less than about 90. The processing unit is further configured to calculate a first coordinate of the symbol with respect to the third axis, and a second coordinate of the symbol with respect to the fourth axis. The apparatus further includes a plurality of digital-to-analog converter cells configured to generate the radio frequency signal using the first coordinate and the second coordinate.

A system and method comprise combining, at a first combiner, a first amplitude-time modulated (ATM) signal and a first phase modulated signal to produce a complex wave modulation signal and combining, at a second combiner having an input coupled to an output of the first combiner, the complex wave modulation signal and an additional signal to produce a second complex wave modulation signal, the additional signal selected from a group consisting of a second ATM signal and a second phase modulated signal.

An electronic arrangement and method for providing a signal characterized by reduced phase noise having a signal source for providing a stimulus signal, a modulator coupled to the signal source for generating a modulated signal as function of the stimulus signal and a local oscillator signal, and a mixer combining the stimulus and modulated signals to generate a mixed signal that includes a component characterized by a mathematical difference of the stimulus signal and the modulated signal. The modulated signal is substantially identical to the stimulus signal and offset by a frequency of the local oscillator signal, so that the difference component of the mixed signal results in a local oscillator signal wherein the stimulus signal phase noise generated by the signal source has been mathematically cancelled.

Techniques for generating signals based on two constant amplitude phasors are discussed. One example apparatus includes phase calculation circuitry that generates first and second angles from a representation of a complex signal; distributor circuitry that receives the second angle and outputs a positive and a negative version of it; a first signal generator configured that receives the first angle and one of the positive or the negative version and generates a first signal based on the first angle and the one of the positive or the negative version; a second signal generator that receives the first angle and the other of the positive or the negative version and generates a second signal based on the first angle and the other of the positive or the negative version; and a combiner that combines the first and the second signal and generates an output signal equivalent to the complex signal.