Provided is a transmitting device which can expand a communication range when performing multicast/broadcast communication. The transmitting device includes a plurality of transmission antennas, and includes: a signal processor which generates a first baseband signal by modulating data of a first stream, and a second baseband signal by modulating data of a second stream; and a transmitter which generates, from the first baseband signal, first transmission signals having different directivities, generates, from the second baseband signal, second transmission signals having different directivities, and transmits the first transmission signals and the second transmission signals at a same time. When the transmitter has received, from a terminal, a request to transmit the first stream, the transmitter further generates, from the first baseband signal, third transmission signals which are different from the first transmission signals and have different directivities, and transmits the third transmission signals.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a first wireless node (e.g., a user equipment) may determine one or more measurements associated with a beam search performed during a downlink beam management process. The first wireless node may transmit, to a second wireless node (e.g., a base station), a report that indicates one or more candidate downlink receive beams, candidate uplink transmit beams, or candidate downlink receive and uplink transmit beam pairs suitable for full-duplex operation based at least in part on the one or more measurements. Numerous other aspects are provided.

In an aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided. The apparatus may include several detectors, each of which may be configured to detect a signal received by a corresponding antenna of several antennas. The apparatus may include a processing system configured to detect a remote apparatus based on outputs from the detectors. The apparatus may include several modem radio frequency chips each including a corresponding detector of the several detectors, and a modem baseband chip including the processing system. The processing system may be configured to allow at most one of the detectors to output a detection declaration to the processing system at a time. The processing system may be configured to send a power-down command to and disconnect from each of the detectors that does not detect the signal from a corresponding antenna of the several antennas.

Disclosed in the present application are a method and an apparatus for calibrating an antenna. In the method, in a receiving channel calibration process, first a receiving channel beam weight matrix is initially updated by using a receiving calibration signal from a reference beam direction, i.e., performing initial receiving channel calibration, and then, for different beam direction regions, beam weight vectors corresponding to multiple beam directions within particular beam direction regions are updated.

A user terminal includes a transmitting section that transmits a beam recovery request and a control section that uses at least one of an uplink control channel, an uplink shared channel, and a demodulation reference signal, for transmission of the beam recovery request. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to improve performance in a beam recovery.

A WTRU may include a memory and a processor. The processor may be configured to receive beam grouping information from a gNB or transmission and reception point (TRP). The beam grouping information may indicate a group of beams that the WTRU may report using group-based reporting. The group-based reporting may be a reduced level of reporting compared to a beam-based reporting. The group-based report may include measurement information for a representative beam. The representative beam may be one of the beams in the group or represents an average of the beams in the group. Alternatively, the representative beam may be a beam that has a maximum measurement value compared to other beams in the group. The group-based report may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) for the representative beam and a differential RSRP for each additional beam in the beam group.

Fast calculation of channel state information using demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) is provided herein. The channel state information can be calculated by estimating the signal to noise ratio of a communication link based on the DM-RS, and then estimating the channel quality indicator based on the SINR. The advanced receivers can use list-based detection methods which the estimated SINR can improve the performance thereof. Channel state information is traditionally calculated based on the channel state reference signals (CS-RS). Demodulation reference signals, which are used for channel estimation for a data channel, are transmitted at different times than CS-RS however, and so some portions of the channel state information including layer indicator (LI) and channel quality indicator (CQI) can be calculated based on the demodulation reference signals, allowing a network to adapt more quickly to changing channel conditions, without having to transmit a CS-RS.

A method of secure wireless communication is performed by a user equipment (UE). The method receives, from a base station, sub-messages of a secured physical layer message, each sub-message received over a different beam. The method also decodes the sub-messages into decoded message segments. Further, the method reconstructs the secured physical layer message from the decoded message segments. A method of secure wireless communication by a base station includes receiving, from a user equipment (UE), a list of candidate beams for transmission and a reception metric for each of the candidate beams. The method also includes segmenting a secured physical layer message into sub-messages. The method further includes transmitting, to the UE, a control message indicating a structure of the secured message and a transmit beam for each of the plurality of sub-messages; and transmitting, to the UE, each sub-message over a different transmit beam of the candidate beams.

Concepts and technologies disclosed herein are directed to millimeter wave (“mmWave”) idle channel optimization. According to one aspect disclosed herein, an antenna system can include an antenna array that is configured in a first antenna configuration. The antenna system can generate and send downlink beams directed towards a network edge. A beam index scanner operating at the network edge can scan the downlink beams to determine beam index scanner data for the first antenna configuration. The beam index scanner can send the bream index scanner data to an antenna technician device. The beam index scanner data can indicate that a downlink channel provided by the downlink beams is not optimized. The antenna system can configure the antenna array in a new antenna configuration in an attempt to optimize the downlink channel provided by the downlink beams.

The proposed disclosure relates to a method (100) and system (1) arranged to provide beamforming of incoming radio-frequency signals, the receiver system (1) comprising at least one digital signal processor, DSP (2), a plurality of analogue-to-digital converters, ADC (3), each connected to the at least one DSP (2). Further the system comprises a plurality of sample-and-hold, S&H, circuit groups (4), each comprising a plurality of sample-and-hold circuits (5) additively connected to a respective ADC (3) and a plurality of receiving antenna connections (6) each connected to a respective S&H circuit (5) in each group (4) at one end and each antenna connection (6) connected to a respective antenna (7). The receiver system (1) is configured to selectively alternate between a plurality of beamforming functionalities, wherein the receiver system (1) is arranged to time-interleave the ADCs (3) and control specific S&H circuits (5) in each S&H group (4) by at least one of time-interleave or disable specific S&H circuits (5) depending on a set beamforming functionality.