A method for routing data in a network includes receiving, by a first network node, data to be routed using a first layer protocol to a second network node where the first network node is intermittently connected to the second network node over a link spanning a portion of the network. The first network node determines that the link fails to meet a communications criteria and encapsulates the data using a second layer protocol to produce encapsulated data. The second layer protocol is transparent to the first layer protocol and the encapsulated data includes connectivity instructions to route the encapsulated data to the second network node via a third network node. The second network node and the third network node are in communication across the portion of the network and the first network node is able to transmit the encapsulated data to the third network node.

A satellite communication method and a network device are disclosed. A first network device learns of traffics of a plurality of satellite communications link or air interface resources allocated to a plurality of satellite base stations. The first network device sends identification information to a second network device, where the identification information indicates that a traffic of a satellite communications link reaches a specified threshold, or that an air interface resource allocated by a ground station to a satellite base station reaches a specified threshold. The second network device receives an identifier message, determines a to-be-linked satellite base station that has an idle resource, and sends, to the to-be-linked satellite base station, a second message including information about a generated beam of the to-be-linked satellite base station.

Methods and techniques are described for supporting satellite wireless by a user equipment (UE) using satellite acquisition information. A UE may obtain (e.g., from an AMF or gNB) acquisition information for satellite cells supporting access to a PLMN. The UE may enter an inactive state with no radio access, may later leave the inactive state, find a preferred satellite cell based on the acquisition information and access the satellite cell (e.g., camp on the cell or connect to the PLMN using the cell). The acquisition information may indicate satellite cells available at one or more predefined times for a known location of the UE or may enable a satellite cell to be found for any UE location at any time. The acquisition information may also provide timing, frequency and other information to enable a UE to access a satellite cell with reduced latency and reduced power consumption.

A system for data recovery using non-intrusive terrestrial and broad band connectivity of transmission of a data stream, the system having an IP distribution network for transferring the data stream from a sender to a plurality of receivers, the system having: a transmission center receiving the data stream from the sender and sending a continuous IP data stream to the IP distribution network and sending a broadcast data stream to a broadcast network; at least one registered/assigned recovery server connected to the IP distribution network and assigned to at least one of the plurality of receivers, the at least one recovery server receiving a protected IP stream from the transmission center; at least one of the plurality of receivers sending a recovery request to at least one recovery server when the respective receiver detects an erroneous/missing packet; and wherein the protected IP stream is encapsulated into RTP in the transmission center and the at least one recovery server sends a recovery data stream to the at least one of the plurality of receivers following receipt of the recovery request.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some non-terrestrial networks, the movement of satellites may result in the movement of cell coverage. A user equipment (UE) may experience changing cell coverage due to the movement of cell coverage, even if the UE is stationary. A UE may be configured to determine a cell is serving two or more earth-fixed tracking areas, determine whether to monitor paging resources of a first earth-fixed tracking area or a second earth-fixed tracking area, and monitor the selected paging resources. In some aspects, the UE may determine that a cell serves two or more earth-fixed tracking areas based on a received control message including multiple tracking area indicators. In some aspects, the UE may determine which paging resources to monitor based on a geographic position of the UE.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for channel bonding in an adaptive coding and modulation mode. In some implementations, a system receives packets of a data stream for transmission in a satellite communications system. The system determines a modulation and coding arrangement for the received packets. The system generates code blocks that include data from the packets of the data stream. The system assigns the generated code blocks for transmission on different carriers. One or more of the different carriers is operated in an adaptive coding and modulation mode to support multiple modulation and coding arrangements within a single carrier. The system transmits the code blocks on the different carriers using the determined one or more modulation and coding arrangements.

A Non-Geostationary Satellite Orbit (NGSO) satellite system is described that implements one or more user route tables and a plurality of pre-calculated backbone route tables at its satellites. The user route tables track user connectivity to the satellites, and each of the backbone route tables defines a snapshot of a time-varying backbone topology seen by a particular satellite. During operation, a satellite selects different backbone route tables as the topology changes over time, and receives updates to the user route tables when connectivity changes occur between the users and the satellites. The decoupling of the user route tables from the backbone route tables at the satellite reduces the computational burden on the NGSO system, as the backbone route tables are calculated in advance and the NGSO system is subsequently tasked with a computationally lower burden of performing real-time updates to the user route tables.

A system, apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium for accurately and efficiently determining communication offsets between at least one user equipment (UE) device and at least one non-terrestrial network (NTN) device may include a UE device including: a memory storing computer readable instructions and at least one processor configured to, determine location information of the UE device; receive group information from a NTN device, the group information including a plurality of group IDs corresponding to a plurality of group coverage areas within a beam coverage area, each of the plurality of group IDs including location information of a corresponding reference point, and group offset information associated with the corresponding reference point; select a group ID from the plurality of group IDs based on the location information of the UE device and the plurality of reference points; and perform UL transmission based on the group offset information.

A method for accommodating communication between a personal communication device and a satellite communication system includes identifying likely positions of one or more satellites and determining an orientation position of the personal communication device to potentially facilitate a wireless communication connection between the personal communication device and at least one satellite. The orientation position may be provided at a graphical user interface of the personal communication device. A signal received from the satellite may be detected and a determination may be made whether the satellite is capable of establishing the wireless communication connection between the personal communication device and the satellite.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some non-terrestrial networks, the movement of satellites may result in the movement of cell coverage. A user equipment (UE) may experience changing cell coverage due to the movement of cell coverage, even if the UE is stationary. A UE may be configured to determine a cell is serving two or more earth-fixed tracking areas, determine whether to monitor paging resources of a first earth-fixed tracking area or a second earth-fixed tracking area, and monitor the selected paging resources. In some aspects, the UE may determine that a cell serves two or more earth-fixed tracking areas based on a received control message including multiple tracking area indicators. In some aspects, the UE may determine which paging resources to monitor based on a geographic position of the UE.