An apparatus comprises: a processor configured to: select a first channel from among a plurality of channels in a network, and generate a first message assigning a first grant corresponding to the first channel; a transmitter coupled to the processor and configured to transmit the first message; and a receiver coupled to the processor and configured to receive a second message on the first channel and in response to the first message. A method comprises: selecting a first channel from among a plurality of channels in a network; generating a first message assigning a first grant corresponding to the first channel; transmitting the first message; and receiving a second message on the first channel in response to the first message

An optical transmission device includes a first wavelength multiplexer, a second wavelength multiplexer, a wavelength converter and a third wavelength multiplexer. The first wavelength multiplexer multiplexes optical signals in a first wavelength band to generate first wavelength multiplexed light. The second wavelength multiplexer multiplexes optical signals in the first wavelength band to generate second wavelength multiplexed light in a first polarization. The wavelength converter converts a wavelength of the second wavelength multiplexed light from the first wavelength band into a second wavelength band by a cross phase modulation among the second wavelength multiplexed light, first pump light in a second polarization and second pump light in the second polarization. The second polarization is orthogonal to the first polarization. The third wavelength multiplexer multiplexes the second wavelength multiplexed light whose wavelength has been converted by the wavelength converter and the first wavelength multiplexed light.

The invention discloses a communication method includes: receiving, by the ONU by using the first port or the second port, a wavelength switching request message delivered by the OLT, where the wavelength switching request message carries second wavelength channel information and port information that is of the second port; switching, by the ONU, an operating wavelength channel of an optical module connected to the second port from a first wavelength channel to a second wavelength channel corresponding to the second wavelength channel information; and sending, by the ONU, a wavelength switching complete message to the OLT by using the first port. According to the communication method provided in embodiments of the present invention, quick wavelength switching is performed based on the second port, so that a service is not interrupted in a wavelength switching process, and user experience is better.

A wide-field telescope and focal plane array (FPA) that look at Earth and satellites in low- and medium-Earth orbit (LEO and MEO) from a satellite in higher orbit, such as geostationary Earth orbit (GEO), can serve as a node in an on-demand, optical multiple access (OMA) communications network. The FPA receives asynchronous low-rate signals from LEO and MEO satellites and ground stations at a signal rate determined in part by the FPA frame rate (e.g., kHz to MHz). A controller tracks the low-rate signals across the FPA as the signal sources orbit Earth. The node also includes one or more transmitters that relay the received information to other nodes via wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) free-space optical signals. These other signals may include low-rate telemetry communications, burst transmissions, and continuous data relay links.

The invention relates to an optoelectronic transceiver device comprising a first optical connector (OC1) capable of connection to a first bidirectional optical fibre (OF1), and a second optical connector (OC2) capable of connection to a second bidirectional optical fibre (OF2), the device further comprising: an insertion-extraction module (ADM) capable of: extracting a wave-length (λ.sub.Rx) from a plurality of wavelengths constituting a first optical signal received by the first optical connector (OC1) and transmitting the first optical signal without the extracted wavelength to the second optical connector (OC2); inserting a wavelength (λ.sub.Tx) into a second optical signal received by the second optical connector (OC2) and transmitting the second optical signal with the inserted wavelength to the first optical connector (OC1); an electric-optical conversion module (EC1) capable of providing the insertion-extraction module with the wavelength (λ.sub.Tx) inserted into the second optical signal from an incoming electric signal (Data Tx); and an optical-electric conversion module (EC2) capable of converting the wavelength (λ.sub.Rx) extracted from the first optical signal by the insertion-extraction module into an outgoing electric signal (Data Rx).

An apparatus comprises: a first clock; a receiver configured to: receive a first packet via a first channel corresponding to a first wavelength, and receive a third packet via a third channel corresponding to a third wavelength; and a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to: implement channel bonding using the first channel and the third channel, synchronize the first clock based on the first packet, and calculate a channel skew between the first channel and the third channel based on the first clock.

An approach to proving a flexible grid architecture for time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks is described. One embodiment includes an optical transmitter array configured to transmit an optical signal, an optical combiner coupled to the optical transmitter array configured to receive unlocked wavelengths from the optical transmitter array and output a single optical signal, and an optical amplifier coupled to the optical combiner configured to boost downstream optical power. In some embodiments, a WDM filter is coupled to the optical amplifier, and a tunable optical network unit (ONU) coupled to the WDM filter is configured to transmit and receive the optical signals. In still other embodiments, a cyclic demultiplexer is coupled to the optical splitter and connects to an optical receiver array configured to receive optical signals.

An optical line terminal (OLT) channel termination (CT) comprises a receiver configured to receive an upstream message which comprises a correlation tag from an optical network unit (ONU), wherein the correlation tag represents a unique number, a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to process the upstream message, and generate a downstream message based on the upstream message, wherein the downstream message comprises the correlation tag, and a transmitter coupled to the processor and configured to transmit the downstream message to the ONU.

A transmission/reception device is configured to convert an optical signal based on a plurality of first optical signals having frequency bands different from each other into an electric signal and output the electric signal as a plurality of first electric signals; receive the plurality of first electric signals, change frequency bands of some or all of a plurality of second electric signals to narrow an interval between frequency bands of two second electric signals having frequency bands adjacent to each other, and output, as third electric signals, electric signals; to receive a plurality of the third electric signals, combine and output the plurality of third electric signals as a fourth electric signal; and receive the fourth electric signal, convert the fourth electric signal into an optical signal, and output the optical signal as a second optical signal.

An intelligent subsystem coupled with a system-on-chip (comprising a microprocessor/graphic processor), a radio transceiver, a voice processing module/voice processing algorithm, a foldable display, a near-field communication device, a biometric sensor and an intelligent learning algorithm is disclosed. The intelligent subsystem can respond to a user's interests and/or preferences. Furthermore, the intelligent subsystem is sensor-aware or context-aware.