Systems, methods, and devices for communicating data in a wireless communications network are described herein. In some aspects, a relay provides relay services for network communication between a first station and a second station. In one aspect, the relay may receive data packets sent to the second station by the first station, and retransmit the data packets if it determines that the second station has not acknowledged the data packet. In one other aspect, the first station may be configured to transmit a relay-able acknowledgement that includes a sequence number identifying data being acknowledged. The relay may be configured to receive a transmission of a first relay-able acknowledgement by the first station and retransmit a second relay-able acknowledgement if it determines the second station did not receive the first relay-able acknowledgement sent by the first station. In some aspects, the second station is an access point.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, a system that facilitates transmitting a plurality of ultra-wideband electromagnetic waves that propagates along a surface of a first transmission medium without requiring an electrical return path, wherein the first plurality of ultra-wideband electromagnetic waves conveys a plurality of communication signals, detecting an attenuation in the plurality of ultra-wideband electromagnetic waves that affects a propagation of the plurality of ultra-wideband electromagnetic waves along the first surface of the first transmission medium, and responsive to the detecting, redirecting at least a portion of the plurality of ultra-wideband electromagnetic waves to an interface of a second transmission medium. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for feeder link data transport are provided. For example, baseband in-phase and quadrature (IQ) data may be processed at the transmitter and receiver of the feeder link. The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform used in a beam may be modified for transmission over the feeder link. For example, the waveform may have a wider subcarrier spacing (SCS) and may fill an enlarged bandwidth than otherwise with a feeder link.

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for feeder link data transport are provided. For example, baseband in-phase and quadrature (IQ) data may be processed at the transmitter and receiver of the feeder link. The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform used in a beam may be modified for transmission over the feeder link. For example, the waveform may have a wider subcarrier spacing (SCS) and may fill an enlarged bandwidth than otherwise with a feeder link.

The present disclosure describes a method for creating data products in real-time with the aid of a ground station system. The method includes the steps of monitoring one or more communication links for newly captured sensor data and positional data of oblique images, saving the sensor data and positional data to one or more directories of one or more computer readable media, monitoring the one or more directories of one or more computer readable media for sensor data and positional data, processing the sensor data and positional data to create one or more data products for use by one or more mapping and exploitation systems responsive to the sensor data and positional data being saved in the one or more directories, and storing the one or more data products to one or more directories of one or more computer readable media.

A network device in a RPR network receives a RPR flooding data packet sent by another network device in the RPR network, determines whether a next-hop network device of the RPR flooding data packet is a source network device sending the RPR flooding data packet, and strips the RPR flooding data packet when determining that the next-hop network device of the RPR flooding data packet is the source network device sending the RPR flooding data packet.

There is provided a frame converter that writes input data included in an input frame to a buffer to accumulate the input data and outputs data read from the buffer as output data included in an output frame, the frame converter includes a setting unit configured to set a time interval from start of resizing of data rate of the input data to start of resizing of data rate of the output data when resizing of an accumulation amount in the buffer is performed in which data rates of the input data and the output data vary, and an adjustment unit configured to adjust to approximate the data rate of the output data to the data rate of the input data after the time interval has elapsed since the start of resizing of data rate of the input data.

There is provided a frame converter that writes input data included in an input frame to a buffer to accumulate the input data and outputs data read from the buffer as output data included in an output frame, the frame converter includes a setting unit configured to set a time interval from start of resizing of data rate of the input data to start of resizing of data rate of the output data when resizing of an accumulation amount in the buffer is performed in which data rates of the input data and the output data vary, and an adjustment unit configured to adjust to approximate the data rate of the output data to the data rate of the input data after the time interval has elapsed since the start of resizing of data rate of the input data.

A permutated ring network includes a plurality of bi-directional source-synchronous ring networks, each having a plurality of data transport stations, and a plurality of communication nodes. Each of the communication nodes is coupled to one of the data transport stations in each of the plurality of bi-directional source-synchronous ring networks.

A large number of degrees for relays of optical signals transmitted via optical paths in the degrees is secured. A wavelength cross-connect device 20A performs a relay by splitting optical signals from respective degrees indicated by reference numerals 40l, 40h, 40m, 40q, each of the degrees being provided by optical fibers, via respective optical couplers and outputting the split optical signals to output sides of the plurality of degrees via respective WSSs 23a to 23d. As the optical couplers, variable couplers 27a to 27d whose respective splitting ratios, each of which is a ratio of optical signal power losses in splitting an optical signal, are variable are used. The wavelength cross-connect device 20A includes a control unit 26 that performs control to change the splitting ratios in such a manner as to eliminate an imbalance among OSNR margins of the output sides of the degrees in which a plurality of optical paths transmitting the split optical signals extend. The control unit 26 calculates the margins for the respective optical paths transmitting the split optical signals via the variable couplers 27a to 27d, for each of the output sides of the degrees. The control unit 26 performs control to, based on respective smallest margins of the degrees in all the margins, change the splitting ratios of the variable couplers 27a to 27d in such a manner as to eliminate an imbalance between the margins of the degrees.