Embodiments of the present application provide a synchronization method and apparatus, and the method includes: performing clock synchronization according to first clock information or second clock information. By determining that the clock synchronization is performed according to the first clock information or the second clock information, it is possible to effectively determine an implementation of a terminal device for clock synchronization when system information and dedicated information exist at the same time, so as to ensure the clock synchronization between a network device and the terminal device.

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for control word transmission, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The method for control word transmission comprises acquiring a control word descriptor information table configured to indicate attribute information of at least one control word, extracting a control word from a control word payload according to the control word descriptor information table, and filling the extracted control word into a common public radio interface (CPRI) control word transmitter.

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for control word transmission, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The method for control word transmission comprises acquiring a control word descriptor information table configured to indicate attribute information of at least one control word, extracting a control word from a control word payload according to the control word descriptor information table, and filling the extracted control word into a common public radio interface (CPRI) control word transmitter.

Systems and methods include receiving Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) messages from one or more network elements in a network; extracting timing information from any of the IGP messages where the timing information includes timing reference for a given network element for any of frequency, phase, and time; and storing the timing information. The steps can further include one of displaying a Graphical User Interface of the network including an operational timing trail for any of frequency, phase, and time; and displaying the timing information for the one or more network elements via a Command Line Interface (CLI).

Provided is a method for providing a time synchronization service for an external application service of a 5G system (5GS). A method may include: receiving, by a Network Exposure Function (NEF) from an Application Function (AF), a request for a capability for a 5GS time synchronization service; and in response to the request for the capability, transmitting, by the NEF to the AF, a time synchronization parameter including the capability.

This application discloses a port status configuration method, apparatus, and system, and a storage medium, and belongs to the communication field. In an embodiment, a configuration device obtains port datasets of M ports of N translators, where N is an integer greater than 1, M is an integer greater than 1, the N translators are integrated in at least two independent devices, the M ports are M precision time protocol ports, and the port datasets are precision time protocol port datasets. The configuration device configures port statuses of the M ports based on the port datasets of the M ports, where the port statuses are precision time protocol port statuses. This application achieves automatic configuration of the port statuses and improves configuration accuracy.

Methods for wireless communication and a network device are provided. The method includes the following. A first network device determines at least one target terminal device as a GM clock node for multiple TSN clock domains.

A transmission includes an input shaft and an output shaft, the input shaft selectively accepting a torque input from a prime mover, and the output shaft selectively providing torque output to a driveline. A controller determines a shaft displacement angle representing an angle value of rotational displacement difference between at least two shafts of the transmission, and performs a transmission operation responsive to the shaft displacement angle.

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a data frame transmission method and a related device. The method includes: first, generating a data frame, where an overhead area of the data frame includes a target bit, the target bit simultaneously indicates at least two multiframes, the multiframe includes a plurality of consecutive data frames, different multiframes include different quantities of data frames, different overhead information is inserted into the different multiframes, and the data frame is an optical transport network OTN data frame; and then sending the data frame.

The present disclosure relates to a 5G or pre-5G communication system to be provided for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4G communication system such as LTE. The method according to the present disclosure is a time synchronization method for transmitting time sensitive networking (TSN) data in a session management function (SMF) device of a mobile communication system, and may comprise a step of determining a time interval for updating time sensitive communications assistance information (TSCAI), and providing the determined time interval to respective nodes of the mobile communication system.