An apparatus, e.g. a wireless media access point, includes a transceiver, a non-transitory storage medium, and a processor operably coupled to the transceiver and the storage medium. The processor is configured by instructions stored on the storage medium to transmit a first multicast channel associated with a first group temporal key (GTK), and to simultaneously transmit a second multicast channel associated with a second GTK.

An electronic communication system, such as a question-and-answer service, is provided in which a user submitting a question specifies one or more dialog network members to whom a notification of the question is provided. Authenticated responses by a member are published to the asker and other members. Responses may be made available to external users, with content contributors being either publicly identified or anonymous. If authorized, members of a dialog may add other individuals as members of the dialog, and imbue upon them special rights relative to the dialog.

A system for multicast packet management in a first switch in an overlay tunnel fabric is provided. The system can operate the first switch as part of a virtual switch in conjunction with a second switch of the fabric. The virtual switch can operate as a gateway for the fabric. During operation, the system can receive a join request for a multicast group. The system can then determine whether to forward the join request to the second switch based on a type of a first ingress connection of the join request. Upon receiving a data packet for the multicast group, the system can determine how to forward the data packet based on respective types of a second ingress connection and an egress connection of the data packet. The type of a respective connection can indicate whether the connection includes an overlay tunnel.

A device control method is provided. In the method, a first message is received from a first device of a device messaging group. The first device is associated with a first identifier in the device messaging group. The first message indicates at least one of a state of the first device or detected environment information. A second message is generated based on the first message received from the first device. The second message is sent to a second device of the device messaging group. The second device is associated with a second identifier in the device messaging group.

Some embodiments provide a method of replicating messages for a logical network. At a particular tunnel endpoint in a particular datacenter, the method receives a message to be replicated to members of a replication group. The method replicates the message to a set of tunnel endpoints of the replication group located in a same segment of the particular datacenter as the particular tunnel endpoint. The method replicates the message to a first set of proxy endpoints of the replication group, each of which is located in a different segment of the particular datacenter and for replicating the message to tunnel endpoints located in its respective segment of the particular datacenter. The method replicates the message to a second set of proxy endpoints of the replication group, each of which is located in a different datacenter and for replicating the message to tunnel endpoints located in its respective datacenter.

A transmission mode conversion indication method includes: sending a first message to a core network or sending a second message to a terminal device, so as to indicate that a transmission mode conversion is required, where the first message carries first user information and first multicast group information.

A method for more efficient structural parsing of binary representations of text based objects within a data distribution system. Clients subscribe to a topic maintained by the data distribution system server that publishers can publish to. Clients receive an original binary representation of a text based object describing the state of the topic to which the client is subscribed. In response to the state of the topic changing at the data distribution system server, clients receive a binary delta representing the change of the state of the topic. Based on the received binary representation and the binary delta, clients calculate an updated binary representation of the text based object. Using the original binary representation, the updated binary representation, and the binary delta, the client generates a structural delta representing the structural differences between data structures of the original text based object and data structures of the updated text based object.

A system for multicast packet management in a first switch in an overlay tunnel fabric is provided. The system can operate the first switch as part of a virtual switch in conjunction with a second switch of the fabric. The virtual switch can operate as a gateway for the fabric. During operation, the system can receive a join request for a multicast group. The system can then determine whether to forward the join request to the second switch based on a type of a first ingress connection of the join request. Upon receiving a data packet for the multicast group, the system can determine how to forward the data packet based on respective types of a second ingress connection and an egress connection of the data packet. The type of a respective connection can indicate whether the connection includes an overlay tunnel.

Described herein are various embodiments of decentralized media distribution systems, devices and methods over a scalable local network. Embodiments relate to scalable media distribution amongst media data components comprising at least one media acquisition unit for acquiring source media data, and at least one media presentation unit for processing source media data. Embodiments may comprise two or more transceiver units comprising: at least two source media signal ports for receiving source media signals and transmitting source media signals from and to one of the media presentation units; a signal converter operable to packetize source media signals for communication over said packetized communications network, and to convert packetized network media signals to source media signals for communicating to the media presentation units; and a packetized network media data transceiver operable to multicast and receive packetized network media signals over a packetized communications network to and from any other transceiver unit.

In an embodiment, a data processing method comprises receiving, at a BIER replicator node that is programmed to implement Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) protocol, from a data source, a multicast stream packet identifying a service-level multicast group address; using the BIER replicator node, replicating the multicast stream packet according to BIER protocol and transmitting two or more replicated packet streams to two or more BIER receiver nodes that are programmed to implement BIER; using the two or more BIER receiver nodes, transmitting the two or more replicated packet streams to two or more receivers. Other embodiments may use modified iOAM (In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance) techniques.