According to a first embodiment, a method may include receiving at least one time sensitive communications (TSC) request from at least one application function (AF). The method may further include determining at least one hold and forward (HnF) parameter based on the at least one TSC request. The method may further include transmitting the at least one HnF parameter to at least one user equipment (UE).

Embodiments of this application disclose a data transmission method, to reduce a delay. If a network device receives burst data, the network device preferentially sends the burst data. The burst data may be data whose data amount is greater than a data amount threshold.

Embodiments of this application disclose a data transmission method, to reduce a delay. If a network device receives burst data, the network device preferentially sends the burst data. The burst data may be data whose data amount is greater than a data amount threshold.

A method for fetching a content from a web server to a client device is disclosed, using tunnel devices serving as intermediate devices. The tunnel device is selected based on an attribute, such as IP Geolocation. A tunnel bank server stores a list of available tunnels that may be used, associated with values of various attribute types. The tunnel devices initiate communication with the tunnel bank server, and stays connected to it, for allowing a communication session initiated by the tunnel bank server. Upon receiving a request from a client to a content and for specific attribute types and values, a tunnel is selected by the tunnel bank server, and is used as a tunnel for retrieving the required content from the web server, using standard protocol such as SOCKS, WebSocket or HTTP Proxy. The client only communicates with a super proxy server that manages the content fetching scheme.

A method for fetching a content from a web server to a client device is disclosed, using tunnel devices serving as intermediate devices. The tunnel device is selected based on an attribute, such as IP Geolocation. A tunnel bank server stores a list of available tunnels that may be used, associated with values of various attribute types. The tunnel devices initiate communication with the tunnel bank server, and stays connected to it, for allowing a communication session initiated by the tunnel bank server. Upon receiving a request from a client to a content and for specific attribute types and values, a tunnel is selected by the tunnel bank server, and is used as a tunnel for retrieving the required content from the web server, using standard protocol such as SOCKS, WebSocket or HTTP Proxy. The client only communicates with a super proxy server that manages the content fetching scheme.

A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may select a first type of buffer status information or a second type of buffer status information. The first type of buffer status information may indicate an amount of data buffered and the second type of buffer status information has less bits and is a different format than the first type of buffer status information. The WTRU may select, subsequent to a number of subframes of a transmission of buffer status information of a first type, buffer status information of the first type for transmission.

A more efficient network can be achieved by leveraging an adaptive dejitter buffer. The dejitter buffer can be dynamically adjusted based off a network data analysis. A communication handover can be adjusted or shifted based on voice inactivity data related to a forecasted punctuation. The dejitter buffer memory/depth of a mobile device can also be adjusted in accordance with receiving a delay interruption length associated with another mobile device. Thereafter, the dejitter buffer memory can be filled with voice packet data to decrease a packet delay variation at the mobile device.

An output circuit, included in a device, may determine counter information associated with a packet provided via an output queue managed by the output circuit. The output circuit may determine that a latency event, associated with the output queue, has occurred. The output circuit may provide the counter information and time of day information associated with the counter information. The output circuit may provide a latency event notification associated with the output queue. An input circuit, included in the device, may receive the latency event notification associated with the output queue. The input circuit may determine performance information associated with an input queue. The input queue may correspond to the output queue and may be managed by the input circuit. The input circuit may provide the performance information associated with the input queue and time of day information associated with the performance information.

A network device includes a port, a transmission pipeline and a time-stamping circuit. The port is configured for connecting to a network. The transmission pipeline includes multiple pipeline stages and is configured to process packets and to send the packets to the network via the port. The time-stamping circuit is configured to temporarily suspend at least some processing of at least a given packet in the transmission pipeline, to verify whether a pipeline stage having a variable processing delay, located downstream from the time-stamping circuit, meets an emptiness condition, and, only when the pipeline stage meets the emptiness condition, to time-stamp the given packet and resume the processing of the given packet.

A method for securing the time synchronization of an Ethernet on-board network of a motor vehicle, by: determining a delay time of a first signal on a first connecting path between a first control unit of the network and a second control unit of the network; determining a maximum speed of the first connecting path on the basis of the delay time; and determining a type of a transmission medium of the first connecting path on the basis of the maximum speed. The determination of the delay time of a first signal, the determination of the maximum speed of the first connecting path, and the determination of the type of a transmission medium of the first connecting path result in an entropy source being formed that is used to ascertain at least one dynamic key for the connecting path to encrypt a time synchronization message for the connecting path.