A Method of scrambling reference signals, device and user equipment using the method are provided. In the method, a plurality of layers of reference signals assigned on predetermined radio resource of a plurality of layers of resource blocks with the same time and frequency resources are scrambled, the method comprising: an orthogonalizing step of multiplying each layer of reference signal selectively by one of a plurality of orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) with the same length wherein the OCC multiplied to a first layer of reference signal can be configured as different from those multiplied to other layers of reference signals; and a scrambling step of multiplying all of symbols obtained from the OCC multiplied to each of the other layers of reference signals by a symbol-common scrambling sequence wherein the symbol-common scrambling sequences can be different from each other for reference signals multiplied by the same OCC.

Systems and method for using control information to control the relay of signaling between a base station and a user equipment (UE) using a smart repeater (SMR) and/or reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) are disclosed herein. In embodiments, a first phase is used by the SMR with a first SS burst from a base station to identify a trained Rx beam to use with the base station, and a second phase receives a second SS burst from the base station and forwards it to a UE using a beam sweep such that the UE is enabled to provide feedback of one SSB of the second SS burst. In other embodiments, an SMR or an RIS is controlled to enable the use of an SS burst to perform a full check of all beam-wise routes between the base station and the UE, enabling feedback of a corresponding SSB selection by the UE.

The present disclosure relates to a 5G communication system or a 6G communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4G communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). More specifically, a method performed by a user equipment (US) in a wireless communication system is provided, the method including transmitting, to a base station (BS), at least one first physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) of a PUSCH repetition based on at least one first unified transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, receiving, from the BS, downlink control information (DCI) including information indicating at least one second unified TCI state, and performing an operation for at least one second PUSCH of the PUSCH repetition based on the information, wherein the at least one second PUSCH of the PUSCH repetition is after a beam application time (BAT) from a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for the DCI.

Aspects described herein relate to configuring, at a device, default beam information for determining a beam for data channel communications. The device can determine to use the default beam information for configuring the beam for a data channel communication based on determining explicit beam information is not configured. In addition, the device can transmit, based on determining to use the default beam information, the data channel communication based on the beam configured using the default beam information.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Repetitions of a reference signal may be transmitted by a first device. In some examples, the repetitions may be quasi-colocated with one another, share an antenna port, or both. The repetitions of the reference signal may arrive at a reconfigurable surface. The reconfigurable surface may apply a modulation sequence to the repetitions of the reference signal and output modulated repetitions of the reference signal in a direction based on a reflective state of the reconfigurable surface. A signal including the modulated repetitions of the reference signal may be received by a second device and combined with the modulation sequence used by the reconfigurable surface to obtain a combined signal. The combined signal may be used to determine, for the reconfigurable surface, information about a channel between the first device and the second device.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a base station may identify, during a connected mode or an idle mode of a user equipment, a set of synchronization signal block communications, wherein the set of synchronization signal block communications includes two or more synchronization signal block communications; and transmit, to a user equipment, the set of synchronization signal block communications using spatial multiplexing, wherein the set of synchronization signal block communications are each transmitted concurrently using different spatial resources associated with beam sweeping transmission. Numerous other aspects are provided.

User equipment configured to communicate with a device includes a first antenna panel, a second antenna panel, and a controller configured to control the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel, wherein the controller is configured to perform an uplink panel change for turning on the second antenna panel to change a first transmission beam of the first antenna panel, which is on, to a second transmission beam of the second antenna panel, which is off, according to uplink panel change-related signaling with the device.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A base station to communicate with a set of user equipments (UEs) in a spatial division multiplexing (SDM) configuration for dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) communications. One or more first UEs of the set of UEs may communicate via a first radio access technology (RAT), and one or more second UEs may communicate via a second RAT in a multiple-user multiple-input multiple output (MU-MIMO) configuration. The base station may indicate the SDM configuration to one or more of the set of UEs. In some examples, the base station may transmit an indication to the set of UEs which may indicate a set of resources to be used for DSS communications. In some examples, the SDM configuration may specify one or more reference signal patterns for communicating in the set of resources.

Disclosed in the present application is a measurement method based on state switching, comprising: a terminal device receives a first parameter and a second parameter; when the state of beam failure detection is switched from a second state to a first state, the terminal device performs beam failure detection on the basis of the first parameter; the second parameter is used for beam failure detection when the state of beam failure detection is switched from the first state to the second state. Also disclosed in the present application are another measurement method based on state switching, an electronic device, and a storage medium.

A method may include determining, by a user equipment, a beam alignment reference value and a beam alignment test value; and determining, by the user equipment, based on the beam alignment reference value and the beam alignment test value, that a user equipment receive beam used by the user equipment is not aligned with a transmit beam of the base station.