Systems, devices, and methods of measuring directional latency and congestion in a communication network. A Uni-Directional Latency Determination Unit is connected in a communication network, located between an end-user device and a server. It monitors packets transported between the end-user device and the server, and it estimates a uni-directional latency of packet transport from the end-user device to the server or from the server to the end-user device. It utilizes a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Header and Timestamp Analyzer, to perform an analysis of data contained in timestamps of TCP packet headers of transported packets; and particularly, it analyzes data contained in a TSval field of such TCP packet headers. Congestion mitigation operations are accordingly deployed or activated.

Systems, devices, and methods of measuring directional latency and congestion in a communication network. A Uni-Directional Latency Determination Unit is connected in a communication network, located between an end-user device and a server. It monitors packets transported between the end-user device and the server, and it estimates a uni-directional latency of packet transport from the end-user device to the server or from the server to the end-user device. It utilizes a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Header and Timestamp Analyzer, to perform an analysis of data contained in timestamps of TCP packet headers of transported packets; and particularly, it analyzes data contained in a TSval field of such TCP packet headers. Congestion mitigation operations are accordingly deployed or activated.

An integrated circuit (IC) may include a set of instruction list engines (ILEs) that execute in parallel, where each ILE stores a subset of a set of instructions for processing a header of a frame, and where each ILE generates an ILE result based on executing the subset of the set of instructions. The IC may include a circuit to determine a result of parsing the header of the frame based on merging ILE results generated by the set of ILEs.

An integrated circuit (IC) may include a set of instruction list engines (ILEs) that execute in parallel, where each ILE stores a subset of a set of instructions for processing a header of a frame, and where each ILE generates an ILE result based on executing the subset of the set of instructions. The IC may include a circuit to determine a result of parsing the header of the frame based on merging ILE results generated by the set of ILEs.

An example device for retrieving media data includes a memory configured to store media data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to: receive data indicating a packet loss signaling mechanism, the packet loss signaling mechanism comprising at least one of that segments are sent in chunks, that transport object identifiers (TOIs) are sequential, or that a last packet of an object assigned to a TOI has a specific flag set in a header of the last packet, a base URL, a maximum latency, or a synchronization point in a file delivery header; detect loss of a packet using the at least one of the packet loss signaling mechanisms, the lost packet including missing media data; generate a byte range request for the missing media data using information of the file delivery header; and deliver a proper media object to a media application.

In some embodiments, a method includes generating, based on distributed ledger data associated with a first distributed ledger-based network (DLN), distributed ledger data associated with a second DLN. The first DLN and the second DLN each is a fork and the distributed ledger data associated with the first DLN include account data associated with a set of accounts. The method includes generating a request to initiate a transaction between a first account and a second account. The method includes authenticating the transaction based on a protocol associated with the second DLN and without using a private cryptographic key of the first account. The method includes sending a signal indicating the transaction was authenticated and storing information associated with the transaction in the distributed ledger data associated with the second DLN.

In some embodiments, a method includes generating, based on distributed ledger data associated with a first distributed ledger-based network (DLN), distributed ledger data associated with a second DLN. The first DLN and the second DLN each is a fork and the distributed ledger data associated with the first DLN include account data associated with a set of accounts. The method includes generating a request to initiate a transaction between a first account and a second account. The method includes authenticating the transaction based on a protocol associated with the second DLN and without using a private cryptographic key of the first account. The method includes sending a signal indicating the transaction was authenticated and storing information associated with the transaction in the distributed ledger data associated with the second DLN.

An apparatus includes an output bus configured to store data, a match table, one or more storage devices, and logic. The match table is configured to store a plurality of entries, each entry including a key value, wherein the match table specifies a matching entry in response to being queried by the query data. The one or more storage devices are configured to store operation information for each of the plurality of entries stored in the match table. The operation information specifies one or more instructions associated with each respective entry in the plurality of entries stored in the match table. The logic is configured to receive one or more operands from the output bus, identify one or more instructions from the one or more storage devices, and generate, based on the one or more instructions and the one or more operands, processed data.

An apparatus includes an output bus configured to store data, a match table, one or more storage devices, and logic. The match table is configured to store a plurality of entries, each entry including a key value, wherein the match table specifies a matching entry in response to being queried by the query data. The one or more storage devices are configured to store operation information for each of the plurality of entries stored in the match table. The operation information specifies one or more instructions associated with each respective entry in the plurality of entries stored in the match table. The logic is configured to receive one or more operands from the output bus, identify one or more instructions from the one or more storage devices, and generate, based on the one or more instructions and the one or more operands, processed data.

Techniques are described for extending a cellular quality of service bearer through an enterprise fabric network. In one example, a method obtaining, by a first switch of a network, a packet to be delivered to a client connected to the network via a cellular access point; identifying quality of service (QoS) bearer information associated with the packet, wherein the QoS bearer information is associated with a radio access bearer for the client and the QoS bearer information comprises a bearer indicator and a QoS class identifier; providing a fabric tunnel encapsulation for the packet, wherein the bearer indicator and the QoS class identifier are included within the fabric tunnel encapsulation of the packet; and forwarding the packet within the fabric tunnel encapsulation toward a second switch of the network via a fabric tunnel, wherein the cellular access point is connected to the network via the second switch.