A donor communication station transmits a unicast transmission comprising a plurality of device data sets where each device data set directed to each of a plurality of user equipment (UE) devices. A relay node receives the unicast transmission and retransmits the data sets in a broadcast transmission over a broadcast communication channel to the plurality of UE devices. In one example, the donor communication station encodes data for multiple user equipment (UE) devices by applying broadcast encoding to the data for each device before applying outer encoding to the data. The dual encoded data is transmitted to the relay node over a dedicated channel. The relay node applies outer decoding to the dual encoded data to retrieve the broadcast encoded data. The relay node then transmits the broadcast encoded device data in a broadcast transmission without outer encoding.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a management apparatus, a communication apparatus, a system, a method, and a program capable of providing a service that meets a targeted KPI. A management apparatus according to the present disclosure includes: KPI management means for acquiring a target Key Performance Indicator (KPI) of a service that is provided to a communication terminal by a business operator; operation state acquisition means for acquiring element data regarding a component necessary for the service, the element data indicating a feature of a control system of the service; KPI prediction means for calculating a predicted KPI which is a predicted value of the KPI of the service based on the element data; and communication performance calculation means for, when the KPI is defined so that a value becomes lower as performance becomes better, detecting the component in which the predicted KPI is equal to or greater than the target KPI.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a management apparatus, a communication apparatus, a system, a method, and a program capable of providing a service that meets a targeted KPI. A management apparatus according to the present disclosure includes: KPI management means for acquiring a target Key Performance Indicator (KPI) of a service that is provided to a communication terminal by a business operator; operation state acquisition means for acquiring element data regarding a component necessary for the service, the element data indicating a feature of a control system of the service; KPI prediction means for calculating a predicted KPI which is a predicted value of the KPI of the service based on the element data; and communication performance calculation means for, when the KPI is defined so that a value becomes lower as performance becomes better, detecting the component in which the predicted KPI is equal to or greater than the target KPI.

A resource allocation method includes: obtaining, by a first network device, target resource reservation information based on a plurality of transmitted packets, where all of the packets carry a same virtual network identifier, and the virtual network identifier is used to indicate that the packets are transmitted through a same virtual network; and allocating a resource to the virtual network based on the target resource reservation information.

A resource allocation method includes: obtaining, by a first network device, target resource reservation information based on a plurality of transmitted packets, where all of the packets carry a same virtual network identifier, and the virtual network identifier is used to indicate that the packets are transmitted through a same virtual network; and allocating a resource to the virtual network based on the target resource reservation information.

A method of operating a wireless communication system is disclosed (FIG. 6). The method includes receiving a virtual cell identification (VCID) parameter (600) from a remote transmitter. A base sequence index (BSI) and a cyclic shift hopping (CSH) parameter (604,606) are determined in response to the VCID. A pseudo-random sequence is selected in response to the BSI and CSH (610,612). A reference signal is generated using the selected pseudo-random sequence (614).

A method of operating a wireless communication system is disclosed (FIG. 6). The method includes receiving a virtual cell identification (VCID) parameter (600) from a remote transmitter. A base sequence index (BSI) and a cyclic shift hopping (CSH) parameter (604,606) are determined in response to the VCID. A pseudo-random sequence is selected in response to the BSI and CSH (610,612). A reference signal is generated using the selected pseudo-random sequence (614).

Embodiments herein relate to a method performed by a network node (110) for selecting a communication mode in a wireless communications network (100). The network node (110) obtains information about a first and a second wireless device (121, 122) in the wireless communications network (100) indicating that the first and the second wireless device (121, 122) are capable of communicating using any one of a set of at least three communication modes comprising at least a cellular communication mode, a Device-to-Device, D2D, half-duplex communication mode, and a D2D full-duplex communication mode. Also, the network node (110) selects, from the set of at least three communication modes, one of the communication modes for a communication between the first and second wireless devices (121, 122) when at least one criterion on a capability of the first and second wireless device (121) associated with one of the communication modes is met, and/or at least one criterion on an operational capability of the network node (110) associated with one of the communication modes is met. Then, the network node (110) transmits information about the selected communication mode for the communication between the first and second wireless devices (121, 122) to at least the first wireless device (121). Embodiments of the network node (110) are also described. Furthermore, embodiments herein further relate to a wireless device (110) and method therein for selecting a communication mode for a communication with a second wireless device (122) in a wireless communications network (100).

The present invention is designed so that broadcast information is transmitted and received adequately even when the bandwidth to use is limited to partial reduced bandwidths in a system bandwidth and the broadcast information is transmitted and received in repetitions over multiple subframes. A user terminal, in which the bandwidth to use is limited to a partial reduced bandwidth in a system bandwidth, has a receiving section that receives first system information and second system information, and a control section that acquires transmission information, which includes the repetition factor for the second system information, from the first system information, and the receiving section receives the second system information based on the transmission information.

The present invention is designed so that broadcast information is transmitted and received adequately even when the bandwidth to use is limited to partial reduced bandwidths in a system bandwidth and the broadcast information is transmitted and received in repetitions over multiple subframes. A user terminal, in which the bandwidth to use is limited to a partial reduced bandwidth in a system bandwidth, has a receiving section that receives first system information and second system information, and a control section that acquires transmission information, which includes the repetition factor for the second system information, from the first system information, and the receiving section receives the second system information based on the transmission information.