A tube heater for heating a fluid in an interior of the tube has a stainless steel cylindrical core. The core ranges about 3 to 300 mm in length and about 100 to 200 microns in thickness with an outer diameter of about 8 to 20 mm. An inner surface of the core has dimples and a conductive coating. A patterned resistive layer overlies the core in a thickness of about 9 to 15 microns. The resistive layer is thin- or thick-film printed about a circumference of the core. Two glass layers surround the resistive layer. Each glass layer is electrically insulative. The glass underlying the resistive layer has a thermal conductivity of more than 2 W/mK while the glass overlying the resistive layer has a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 0.5 W/mK.

A device (110) for heating a fluid is proposed. The device comprises at least one electrically conductive pipeline (112) and/or at least one electrically conductive pipeline segment (114) for receiving the fluid, and at least one DC current and/or DC voltage source (126), wherein respectively one DC current or DC voltage source (126) is assigned to each pipeline (112) and/or each pipeline segment (114), said DC current and/or DC voltage source being connected to the respective pipeline (112) and/or the respective pipeline segment (114), wherein the respective DC current and/or DC voltage source (126) is embodied to produce an electric current in the respective pipeline (112) and/or in the respective pipeline segment (114), said electric current warming up the respective pipeline (112) and/or the respective pipeline segment (114) by Joule heating, which arises when the electric current passes through conductive pipe material, for the purposes of heating the fluid.

An electric heater (1) comprising:—a metal body (2);—a first pipe (11) and a second pipe (12) provided in the metal body (2), which are mutually distinct so as to be crossed by two distinct flows of fluid to be heated;—a first heating stretch (21), a second heating stretch (22) and a third heating stretch (23) are arranged in the metal body (2); wherein the first pipe (11) and the second pipe (12) are arranged between the first heating stretch (21) and the second heating stretch (22); wherein the third heating stretch (23) is proximal to the second pipe (12) and distal from the first pipe (11); and wherein second pipe (12) is arranged between the first pipe (11) and the third heating stretch (23).

A heated drain or vent pipe system provides a low-cost and efficient temperature regulator for drain or vent pipes that are exposed to freezing temperatures to prevent the pipes from freezing. The heated pipe system includes an embedded resistance wire connected to a transformer that supplies a low voltage of electricity to the resistance wire. The resistance wire heats up due to electricity passing through the wire and transfers that heat to the pipe. The resistance wire is embedded in the wall of the pipe and maintains the pipe at a temperature above freezing. The heated pipe system may include a safety limit switch to disable the flow of electricity to the resistance wires if the pipe is overheating. The heated pipe system can be installed with air conditioning system drains, roof drains, and two-way vents that are exposed to freezing temperatures.

Some embodiments provide for an inspiratory limb for a breathing circuit that includes a first segment that comprises a first heater wire circuit and a second segment that comprises a second heater wire circuit. The inspiratory limb can include an intermediate connector that includes a connection circuit that electrically couples the first heater wire circuit to the second heater wire circuit. The inspiratory limb can be configured to operate in two modes wherein, in a first mode, electrical power passes through the first electrical connection to provide power to the first heater wire circuit without providing power to the second heater wire circuit, and in a second mode, electrical power pass through the first electrical connection to provide power to both the first heater wire circuit and the second heater wire circuit.

A braze-free substrate heating device including a heater block body, a heater block lid, and a heating element. The heating element sits inside the heater block body. The heater block lid is on the heating element, such that the heating element is sandwiched between the heater block lid and the floor of the heater block body. The heating element is held in place by compressing the heater block lid into the heater block body and attaching the heater block lid to the top of the heater block body so that the heating element is fully supported over its surface area, and can maintain uniform thermal contact with the heater block lid and heater block body over its entire surface area.

A novel low profile heater apparatus and method of manufacture is disclosed, which provides a lower assembly including a first sheet, a heating sheet including at least one heating element, a dielectric sheet, an intermediate sheet and one or more electrical leads configured to supply electrical power to the heating element, the electrical leads extending through a lead sleeve of an upper assembly. The upper assembly includes a top sheet with one or more split sleeves securely attached thereto, thereby forming one or more strain relief assemblies configured to prevent damage to the electrical leads. One or more stitches or coupling features securely attach the upper assembly to the lower assembly. One or more retention device are be used to securely retain the low profile heater apparatus to one or more pipes, tubes or conduits of a plumbing apparatus.

A fluid-heating device for heating fluid includes: a heater having a heat generating part, the heat generating part being configured to generate heat upon application of current; an electric component configured to control the application of the current to the heater; a tank having an opening portion, the tank being configured to accommodate the heat generating part; a top-plate portion configured to close the opening portion of the tank, the top-plate portion being configured to form a fluid chamber through which the fluid flows; and a first communication port and a second communication port configured to allow the fluid to flow through the fluid chamber; wherein the electric component is provided on an outer side of the fluid chamber along the top-plate portion.

A fluid heater (10), for example, for machines for preparing beverages, includes: a heating core (12) including a first elongated heating element (121) and a second elongated heating element (122), which are co-extensive; and a conduit (14) with an inlet end (10a) for fluid to be heated and an outlet end (10b) for heated fluid. The conduit (14) is wound around the heating elements (121, 122) in a winding pattern including a set of first winding loops (141) wound around the first heating element (121) and a set of second winding loops (142) wound around the second heating element (122), the first winding loops (141) being interleaved with the second winding loops (142).

Presented is an electrically charged heating element configured as a twin reversed spiral or other flat shape for high power density during cross current fluid flow. In one embodiment the element material is wound clockwise in a spiral inwardly to a point and then wound counterclockwise in a spiral outwardly from that point on the same plane as the clockwise winding, and between the clockwise windings, to a point past the beginning of the outer clockwise winding. Hot fluid generators employing such elements singly or in multiple stacked configurations are presented as well.