A method for activating a gas, wherein an electrically conductive aeromaterial having a pore space comprising the gas is electrically contacted and at least one electric current, which varies over time, flows through the aeromaterial, wherein the aeromaterial exhales gas from the pore space when the electrical power consumption is increased and inhales gas from the surroundings of the aeromaterial when the power consumption is decreased, and wherein a temporally pulsed current having predefined pulse power levels, pulse durations and pulse spacings is fed through the aeromaterial and the temperature of the aeromaterial is changed by the time-varying current by 100° C. or more within one second or less. The invention also relates to an electrothermal gas actuator and to uses of a gas actuator.

An e-vapor apparatus may include a pod assembly and a dispensing body configured to receive the pod assembly. A vaporizer may be disposed in the pod assembly and/or the dispensing body. The pod assembly may include a pre-vapor formulation compartment, a device compartment, and a vapor channel extending from the device compartment and traversing the pre-vapor formulation compartment. The pod assembly is a smart pod configured to receive, store, and transmit information that can be communicated with the dispensing body and/or another electronic device. The proximal portion of the dispensing body includes a vapor passage and a through-hole. The vapor passage may extend from an end surface of the proximal portion to a side wall of the through-hole. The through-hole is configured to receive the pod assembly such that the vapor channel of the pod assembly is aligned with the vapor passage of the dispensing body.

An e-vapor apparatus may include a pod assembly and a dispensing body configured to receive the pod assembly. A vaporizer may be disposed in the pod assembly and/or the dispensing body. The pod assembly may include a pre-vapor formulation compartment, a device compartment, and a vapor channel extending from the device compartment and traversing the pre-vapor formulation compartment. The pod assembly is a smart pod configured to receive, store, and transmit information that can be communicated with the dispensing body and/or another electronic device. The proximal portion of the dispensing body includes a vapor passage and a through-hole. The vapor passage may extend from an end surface of the proximal portion to a side wall of the through-hole. The through-hole is configured to receive the pod assembly such that the vapor channel of the pod assembly is aligned with the vapor passage of the dispensing body.

A positive temperature coefficient component includes: a substrate (32); a conductive ink (36) disposed over at least a portion of the substrate (32); a positive temperature coefficient layer (38) disposed over at least a portion of the substrate (32) and/or the conductive ink (36); and a topcoat layer (42) formed from a coating composition including a dielectric material disposed over at least a portion of the positive temperature coefficient layer (38) and/or the conductive ink (36).

Disclosed is a heating device, which is used for heating an aerosol generating substrate product and volatilizing at least one component therein to form an aerosol. The heating device comprises a heating body (11), wherein the heating body (11) comprises: a base body (111) provided with a chamber for receiving at least part of the aerosol generating substrate product; an infrared electrothermal coating (112), which is formed on the outer surface of the base body (111), used for receiving a power supply to generate heat and transfers the heat to the aerosol generating substrate product received in the chamber at least in an infrared radiation manner, so as to volatilize at least one component in the aerosol generating substrate product to form an aerosol which can be vaped; an electrode coating (113) part of the outer surface of the infrared electrothermal coating (112) and used for supplying the electric power of the power supply to the infrared electrothermal coating (112); and an infrared radiation coating (115) at least partially covering the infrared electrothermal coating (112), wherein the infrared radiation coating (115) can radiate infrared rays after a temperature rise. The heating device can improve the power efficiency of the power supply of the infrared electrothermal coating (112).

An electric gas heater (2) comprises a housing (4), a number of thin tubes (16) arranged in a bundle (18) inside the housing (4), an insulation member (20) configured for supporting the number of thin tubes (16) separated from each other and electrically insulated from each other. Individual tubes (16) of the number of thin tubes (16) are of an electric resistance material, and the insulation member (20) comprises a fibrous material.

An electric gas heater (2) comprises a housing (4), a number of thin tubes (16) arranged in a bundle (18) inside the housing (4), an insulation member (20) configured for supporting the number of thin tubes (16) separated from each other and electrically insulated from each other. Individual tubes (16) of the number of thin tubes (16) are of an electric resistance material, and the insulation member (20) comprises a fibrous material.

The present invention provides a conductive fabric comprising base cloth and a conductive metallic circuit structure formed on the surface of the base cloth. The conductive metallic circuit structure comprises at least one metallic seed layer and at least one chemical-plating layer. The metallic seed layer is an evaporation-deposition layer or a sputter-deposition layer and has a circuit pattern. The chemical-plating layer is applied over the surface of the metallic seed layer. The conductive fabric has improved conductivity and heat generation efficiency.

Laminated glass includes: an outer glass plate having a first side and a second side; an inner glass plate that is arranged opposing the outer glass plate and has substantially the same shape as a shape of the outer glass plate; and an intermediate layer arranged between the outer and the inner glass, wherein the intermediate layer has a heat-generating layer including: a first bus bar that extends along an end portion closer to the first side; a second bus bar that extends along an end portion closer to the second side; and a plurality of heating lines arranged so as to connect the first bus bar and the second bus bar to each other, and when a predetermined voltage is applied between the first and second bus bars, an amount of heat generated per unit length of each of the heating lines is 2.0 W/m or less.

The invention relates to a heating system (200) for heating of a fluid. The heating system comprises a supply connection (201) in fluid communication with a supply of fluid to be heated. It further comprises a structured body (108) arranged for heating of the fluid during use of the heating system. The structured body comprises a macroscopic structure (21) of electrically conductive material, the macroscopic structure comprising at least one channel (22) through which the fluid can flow. The heating system further comprises at least two conductors (103,114) configured to electrically connect the structured body to at least one electrical power supply. The at least two conductors are electrically connected to the structured body at a first end (204) and at a second end (205), respectively, of a conductive path within the structured body. The structured body is configured to direct an electrical current to run along the conductive path from the first end to the second end thereof. The electrical power supply is configured to heat at least part of said structured body to a temperature of below 400° C. by passing an electrical current through said structured body during use of the heating system.