Various implementations include an apparatus for thermal processing of medical waste. The apparatus includes a body, a conductive heater, and an air flow device. The body portion defines a chamber for receiving two or more containers of medical waste. The chamber is in fluid communication with a gas processing device for biological materials. The conductive heater is thermally coupled to the chamber to provide heat to the two or more containers. The air flow device is configured to direct discharge gases from the two or more containers to the gas processing device.

A disturbance estimation device includes: an acquisition unit configured to acquire a measurement value measured by a sensor provided in a controlled object; and an estimating unit configured to calculate a variance-covariance matrix of a measurement vector including the measurement value as an element, perform singular value decomposition on the variance-covariance matrix to calculate a singular vector of a maximum singular value, and estimate a disturbance that occurs in the controlled object based on the singular vector.

A system for inerting a biomass feed assembly the system including a combustion chamber operably connected to the biomass feed assembly to receive a biofuel, the combustion chamber operable to combust the biofuel and generate a flue gas therefrom and a conduit operably coupled to at least one of the combustion chamber and an inert gas source, and the biomass feed assembly, the conduit operable to carry a gas to the biomass feed assembly. The gas sweeps dust generated in at least the gravity chute assembly toward the combustion chamber and the gas maintains an oxygen partial pressure or concentration in the at least a portion of the biomass feed assembly below a selected threshold sufficient to suppress ignition.

Refractory tile for protecting a wall of energy recovery tubes. A hot face of the tile is to be exposed to the interior of the furnace. A cold face, opposite the hot face, defines: a groove extending over the entire length of the tile and to receive one the tubes, and a fastening receptacle configured to receive a retaining member to immobilize the tile with respect to the tube. The tile has, in a transverse section plane, at least at each position between the position of the groove and the position of the fastening receptacle, a non-zero material thickness. The thickness is measured between the transverse profile of the hot face and a straight segment, which is referred to as the base and links the ends of the transverse profile of the hot face. The positions are determined along the base.

The invention comprises: a) first comburent supplying means (18) connected to the lower part of the oxidation chamber, for introducing pressurized oxygenated gas in the oxidation chamber at a speed that comprises a tangential component; b) a particle recirculation system, which comprises: a particle separator (24) on the upper part of the oxidation chamber for trapping hot particles of ash and unburned material, and a transportation system (25) for transferring trapped particles from the particle separator (24) to the base of the oxidation chamber; and c) a gas recirculation system comprising: a sucker (26) for suctioning combustion gases from the upper part of the oxidation chamber, and pipes (27) for transferring the suctioned gases to the base of the oxidation chamber. It provides an optimized thermal transfer that reduces the emission of pollutants in waste recovery.

A pipe according to the present disclosure comprises: a hollow tube body in which fluids of different temperatures pass through the inside and outside thereof; and a coating layer which is provided on an external surface of the hollow tube body, and which has an alloy comprising an amorphous phase, wherein the alloy comprises Fe, and comprises at least one or more first component selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mo and Co, and at least one or more second component selected from the group consisting of B, C, Si and Nb.

An appliance and a method for removing deposits from interiors of receptacles or facilities by way of explosion technology. The appliance includes a supply device for providing an explosive mixture or its starting components, as well as a transport conduit that is connected to the supply device and serves for transporting explosive mixture to a cleaning location. The transport conduit is designed at least in sections as a transport hose.

A method of processing MSW, either sorted or unsorted, which can be carried out through the use of canisters to hold the waste feedstock, and autoclaves specially designed to process the waste at suitable temperature and pressure combinations is disclosed. The final solid product is a mixture of carbon ash and non-combustible materials, such as, metals, drywall, etc., and syngas that has an enhanced BTU value, typically between about 300 to 700 BTU/ft.sup.3. The remainder solid material generally amounts to approximately 5% of the original MSW volume. This material can then be sorted for metals with the balance being sent to a landfill or other recycling processes depending on its composition.

A two-step gasification process and apparatus for the conversion of solid or liquid organic waste into clean fuel, suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner, is described. The waste is fed initially into a primary gasifier, which is a graphite arc furnace. Within the primary gasifier, the organic components of the waste are mixed with a predetermined amount of air, oxygen or steam, and converted into volatiles and soot. The volatiles consist mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and may include a variety of other hydrocarbons and some fly ash. The gas exiting the primary gasifier first passes through a hot cyclone, where some of the soot and most of the fly ash is collected and returned to the primary gasifier. The remaining soot along with the volatile organic compounds is further treated in a secondary gasifier where the soot and the volatile compounds mix with a high temperature plasma jet and a metered amount of air, oxygen or steam, and are converted into a synthesis gas consisting primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas is then quenched and cleaned to form a clean fuel gas suitable for use in a gas engine or a gas burner. This offers higher thermal efficiency than conventional technology and produces a cleaner fuel than other known alternatives.

A flare system including a flare stack and a modular flare unit connected in parallel with the flare stack. The modular flare unit includes a frame, at least two energy conversion modules detachably supported by the frame, a fuel manifold, an air manifold, an exhaust manifold, and an electric generator. Each energy conversion module includes a combustion chamber configured to receive a flow of residue gas through the fuel inlet for combustion in the chamber at (or close to) atmospheric pressure, and a Stirling engine configured to convert heat from the combustion chamber into mechanical energy. The electric generator is connected to generate electric power from the mechanical energy.