A sequence of input samples that are measures of position or orientation of an input device being held by a user are received. A current output sample of a state of linear quadratic estimator, LQE, is computed that is an estimate of the position or orientation of the input device. The current output sample is computed based on i) a previously computed output sample, and ii) a velocity term. An updated output sample of the state of the LQE is computed, based on i) a previously computed output sample, and ii) a new input sample. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Generally, a system for use in a robotic surgical system may be used to determine an attachment state between a tool driver, sterile adapter, and surgical tool of the system. The system may include sensors used to generate attachment data corresponding to the attachment state. The attachment state may be used to control operation of the tool driver and surgical tool. In some variations, one or more of the attachment states may be visually output to an operator using one or more of the tool driver, sterile adapter, and surgical tool. In some variations, the tool driver and surgical tool may include electronic communication devices configured to be in close proximity when the surgical tool is attached to the sterile adapter and tool driver.

A low-profile, automated guided vehicle (AGV) performs surface treatments over large areas of a structure having limited access, such as an aircraft underbelly. The AGV includes a movable gantry provided with automated robot. The robot has interchangeable end effectors for carrying out the surface treatments. Travel of the AGV relative to structure is controlled by a ground guidance system.

In an apparatus for controlling the positioning of an object having a specified point, a first limiter establishes a movable range of the specified point of the object, and limits movement of the specified point of the object within the movable range. The movable range includes a line connecting the position of the specified point of the object and a target position for the specified point of the object. A second limiter limits change of a specified orientation of the object from increasing an angular difference between the specified orientation of the object a target orientation for the specified orientation of the object.

A robotic surgical system includes a surgical instrument configured to cut biological tissues and an imaging system configured to image the biological tissues. Based on one or more images of the biological tissue generated by the imager, the robotic surgical system operates the surgical instrument to cut the biological tissue according to a desired dissection of the tissue. The robotic surgical system operates the surgical instrument to partially or wholly automatically perform one or more cuts into the biological tissue to achieve the desired dissection.

A teleoperated system includes a master grip and a ratcheting system coupled to the master grip. The ratcheting system is configured to align the master grip with a slave instrument commanded by the master grip by determining grip rotation values describing an orientation of the master grip, determining instrument rotation values describing an orientation of the instrument, determining an orientation error between an orientation of the master grip and the orientation of the instrument based on the grip rotation values and the instrument rotation values, and reducing the orientation error by low pass filtering the grip rotation values or the instrument rotation values.

A robot includes a robot arm, a force sensor, and a control unit configured to control the operation of the robot art. The control unit initializes the force sensor while the robot arm is moving at uniform speed. It is preferable that the control unit initializes the force sensor while the robot arm is moving at the uniform speed and the amplitude of a detection value of the force sensor is smaller than a threshold.

An example robotic arm includes a base linkage and a first end effector connected to a second end of the base linkage through a first rotational joint. The robotic arm additionally includes a control arm. The control arm includes a first linkage and a second linkage, each having a first end and a second end. The first end of the first linkage is connected to the second end of the base linkage through a second rotational joint. The first end of the second linkage is connected to the second end of the first linkage through a third rotational joint. The control arm also includes a second end effector connected to the second end of the second linkage through a fourth rotational joint. The first, second, third, and fourth rotational joints are configured to rotate in or parallel to a first plane.

An example robotic device includes a mobile base and a base linkage. The base linkage has a first end and a second end where the first end is connected to the mobile base. The robotic device also includes a first end effector connected to the second end of the base linkage. The first end effector includes a shovel tool. The robotic device additionally includes an actuated control arm having a first end and a second end. The first end of the actuated control arm is connected to the second end of the base linkage. The robotic device further includes a second end effector connected to the second end of the actuated control arm. The second end effector includes a sweeping tool. The actuated control arm is configured to move the sweeping tool to engage with the shovel tool to sweep one or more objects onto the shovel tool.

A machine tool is provided which can execute various works while suppressing increase in cost or size. The machine tool includes a tool spindle device which is a movable member which can move with respect to a mounting surface of the machine tool, and one or more serial-manipulator-type robots attached on the tool spindle device, which can move with the tool spindle device, and which have two or more degrees of freedom, and the robot includes two or more end effectors provided at positions different from each other with one or more joints therebetween.