An LED driving device includes a converter module configured to receive an input voltage and generate an output voltage for driving a plurality of LEDs. A surge protection module is electrically connected to the converter module. A case holds the converter module and the surge protection module, and provides electrical coupling therebetween.

A display device includes: a display substrate; a light amount control layer on the display substrate; a first polarizer on the light amount control layer; and a color conversion layer on the first polarizer. The color conversion layer includes a phosphor, the phosphor includes a quantum dot, the quantum dot including: a core; a first shell surrounding the core; and a second shell surrounding the first shell, and the quantum dot has a diameter ranging from about 2 nm to about 32 nm.

Illumination devices based on quantum dot technology and methods of making such devices are described. An illumination device includes a substrate having a plurality of microLEDs, a beam splitter, and a film having a plurality of quantum dots. The beam splitter includes a plurality of layers and is disposed between the substrate and the film having the plurality of quantum dots.

An emissive nanocrystal particle includes a core including a first semiconductor nanocrystal including a Group III-V compound and a shell including a second semiconductor nanocrystal surrounding the core, wherein the emissive nanocrystal particle includes a non-emissive Group I element.

A quantum dot including a first ligand and a second ligand on a surface of the quantum dot, a composition or composite including the same, and a device including the same. The first ligand includes a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and the second ligand includes a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2:
MA.sub.n  Chemical Formula 1 wherein M, n, and A are the same as defined in the specification; and ##STR00001## wherein, R.sup.1, L.sub.1, Y.sub.1, R, k1, and k2 are the same as defined in the specification.

A nanocrystal particle including at least one semiconductor material and at least one halogen element, the nanocrystal particle including: a core comprising a first semiconductor nanocrystal; and a shell surrounding the core and comprising a crystalline or amorphous material, wherein the halogen element is present as being doped therein or as a metal halide.

A nanocrystal particle including at least one semiconductor material and at least one halogen element, the nanocrystal particle including: a core comprising a first semiconductor nanocrystal; and a shell surrounding the core and comprising a crystalline or amorphous material, wherein the halogen element is present as being doped therein or as a metal halide

Illumination devices based on quantum dot technology and methods of making such devices are described. An illumination device includes a substrate having a plurality of microLEDs, a beam splitter, and a film having a plurality of quantum dots. The beam splitter includes a plurality of layers and is disposed between the substrate and the film having the plurality of quantum dots.

A light emitting device including a semiconductor nanocrystal and a ligand bound to a surface of the semiconductor nanocrystal, wherein the ligand includes an organic thiol ligand or a salt thereof and a polyvalent metal compound including a metal including Zn, In, Ga, Mg, Ca, Sc, Sn, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cd, Ba, Au, Hg, Tl, or a combination thereof, and a display device including the light emitting device.

An emissive nanocrystal particle includes a core including a first semiconductor nanocrystal including a Group III-V compound and a shell including a second semiconductor nanocrystal surrounding the core, wherein the emissive nanocrystal particle includes a non-emissive Group I element.