The method for producing noble metal nanocomposites involves reducing noble metal ions (Ag, Au and Pt) on graphene oxide (GO) or carbon nanotubes (CNT) by using Artocarpus integer leaves extract as a reducing agent. As synthesized MNPs/GO and MNPs/CNT composites have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The TEM images of prepared materials showed that the nanocomposites were 1-30 nm in size with spherical nanoparticles embedded on the surface of GO and CNT. This synthetic route is easy and rapid for preparing a variety of nanocomposites. The method avoids use of toxic chemicals, and the prepared nanocomposites can be used for biosensor, fuel cell, and biomedical applications.

The method for producing noble metal nanocomposites involves reducing noble metal ions (Ag, Au and Pt) on graphene oxide (GO) or carbon nanotubes (CNT) by using Artocarpus integer leaves extract as a reducing agent. As synthesized MNPs/GO and MNPs/CNT composites have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The TEM images of prepared materials showed that the nanocomposites were 1-30 nm in size with spherical nanoparticles embedded on the surface of GO and CNT. This synthetic route is easy and rapid for preparing a variety of nanocomposites. The method avoids use of toxic chemicals, and the prepared nanocomposites can be used for biosensor, fuel cell, and biomedical applications.

The invention in suitable embodiments is directed to purified clathrin protein therapeutics. In one aspect, one or more purified clathrin protein therapeutic, formed in whole or in part from isolated, synthetic and or recombinant amino acid residues comprising in whole or in part one or more clathrin heavy chain protein and isoforms thereof, forms one or more type of therapeutic agent for treating psychiatric disorders.

The invention in suitable embodiments is directed to purified clathrin protein therapeutics. In one aspect, one or more purified clathrin protein therapeutic, formed in whole or in part from isolated, synthetic and or recombinant amino acid residues comprising in whole or in part one or more clathrin heavy chain protein and isoforms thereof, forms one or more type of therapeutic agent for treating neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders.

The present invention generally relates to polymers and macromolecules, in particular, to polymers useful in particles such as nanoparticles. One aspect of the invention is directed to a method of developing nanoparticles with desired properties. In one set of embodiments, the method includes producing libraries of nanoparticles having highly controlled properties, which can be formed by mixing together two or more macromolecules in different ratios. One or more of the macromolecules may be a polymeric conjugate of a moiety to a biocompatible polymer. In some cases, the nanoparticle may contain a drug. Other aspects of the invention are directed to methods using nanoparticle libraries.

The invention relates generally to the field of nanoparticles, and more specifically, in one embodiment, to bio-nanoparticle elements formed from materials comprised of self-assembling protein molecules, which are capable of coating one or more type of elements. In another invention embodiment, the invention relates to a protein that coats one or more elements in order to modify or improve one or more characteristic of the element, including, but not limited to, stability, rigidity, or functionality of the element that is coated with the instant invention.

A method for surface modification of nanoparticles includes the separate steps of removing ligands from the surface of the nanoparticles to form ligand-free nanoparticles, and mixing new ligands with the ligand-free nanoparticles to form modified nanoparticles.

The present invention discloses a process for forming a solution containing gold nanoclusters binding with ligands, the process comprises the following steps: provide a aqueous solution that comprises a gold precursor, a base and ligands; perform a reduction reaction by adding a reductant into the aqueous solution to form a liquid containing gold nanoclusters binding with the ligands; concentrate the liquid containing the gold nanoclusters binding with the ligands to a solid; dissolve the solid into water to form a crude solution; and perform a purification process by passing the crude solution through a membrane or a dialysis tube to obtain the solution containing the gold nanoclusters binding with the ligands.

The invention in suitable embodiments is directed to using a purified, clathrin light chain protein for purposes of drug development, enablement, activity, and/or delivery. In one aspect, a man-made, configurable clathrin light chain composition, formed in whole or in part from isolated, synthetic and or recombinant amino acid residues comprising in whole or in part one or more of a protein sequence, forms one or more type of multifunction nanoscale bio-nanoparticle, such as a biomedical platform, bio-molecular platform, and the like, and using such bio-nanoparticle platforms for development, enablement, and delivery of drugs.

Provided are methods for making hollow gold nanospheres.