A method for forming a ceramic according to one embodiment includes electrophoretically depositing a plurality of layers of particles of a non-cubic material. The particles of the deposited non-cubic material are oriented in a common direction.

A layered stack that can be used as an oxidation and chemical barrier with superalloy substrates, including Ni, Ni—Co, Co, and Ni-aluminide based substrates, and methods of preparing the layered stack. The layer system can be applied to a substrate in a single physical vapor deposition process with no interruption of vacuum conditions.

An aluminum-based coating of a flat steel product is applied in a hot-dipping method and comprises a mass percentage of silicon within a given range. The coating for a flat steel product, in particular for press mold hardening components, offers a shortened required minimum oven dwell time and a sufficiently large processing window when heating in an oven. This is achieved in that the surface of the coating has a degree of absorption for thermal radiation ranging between 0.35 and 0.95 prior to an annealing treatment, where the degree of absorption relates to an oven temperature ranging from 880 to 950° C. during the austenitizing annealing treatment. The invention additionally relates to an improved method for producing a flat steel product with an aluminum-based coating, to an inexpensive method for producing press-hardened components from such flat steel products, and to a press-hardened component made of such flat steel products.

A coated substrate has a substrate and a coating system having one or more ceramic layers. At least a first layer of one of the one or more ceramic layers is a columnar layer having as-deposited columns and intercolumn gaps. The intercolumn gaps have a mean width at least one of: at least 4.0 micrometers; and at least 1.5% of a thickness of said first layer.

A superalloy workpiece includes a superalloy substrate and an interface layer (IF-1) of essentially the same superalloy composition directly on a surface of the superalloy substrate. A transition layer (TL) of essentially the same superalloy and superalloy oxides or a different metal composition and different metal oxides is on the interface layer (IF-1). The oxygen content of the transition layer increases from the interface layer (IF-1) towards a barrier layer (IF-2) of super alloy oxides or of different metal oxides.

A refractory metal plate is provided. The plate has a center, a thickness, an edge, a top surface and a bottom surface, and has a crystallographic texture (as characterized by through thickness gradient, banding severity; and variation across the plate, for each of the texture components 100//ND and 111//ND, which is substantially uniform throughout the plate.

A friction material comprises an Fe part which contains Fe as a main component, a coating layer formed on a surface of the Fe part, and a friction part formed on a surface of at least a part of the coating layer, and the coating layer comprises a first coating layer and a second coating layer which have a specific average thickness and a specific component in order from Fe part side, and in the second coating layer, in order of positions at which the thickness is 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the second coating layer from the side of the first coating layer to the side opposite thereto, a Cu content increases and a Ni content decreases.

A machine component includes a core made up of a steel for machine structural use, and a medium carbon-containing layer and a high carbon-containing layer formed of the steel for machine structural use, the medium carbon-containing layer covering the core, the high carbon-containing layer covering the medium carbon-containing layer and having a carbon concentration of 0.8-1.5%. The high carbon-containing layer is made up of a martensitic structure having carbides dispersed therein and a residual austenitic structure, wherein spheroidized carbides with an aspect ratio of 1.5 or less constitute 90% or more of a total number of the carbides, and the number of spheroidized carbides on prior austenite grain boundaries is 40% or less of the total number of the carbides.

A product according to one embodiment includes a first layer having a first composition, a first microstructure, and a first density; and a second layer above the first layer, the second layer having: a second composition, a second microstructure, and/or a second density. A gradient in composition, microstructure, and/or density exists between the first layer and the second layer, and either or both of the first layer and the second layer comprise non-spherical particles aligned along a longitudinal axis thereof.

An aluminum-based coating of a flat steel product is applied in a hot-dipping method and comprises a mass percentage of silicon within a given range. The coating for a flat steel product, in particular for press mold hardening components, offers a shortened required minimum oven dwell time and a sufficiently large processing window when heating in an oven. This is achieved in that the surface of the coating has a degree of absorption for thermal radiation ranging between 0.35 and 0.95 prior to an annealing treatment, where the degree of absorption relates to an oven temperature ranging from 880 to 950° C. during the austenitizing annealing treatment. The invention additionally relates to an improved method for producing a flat steel product with an aluminum-based coating, to an inexpensive method for producing press-hardened components from such flat steel products, and to a press-hardened component made of such flat steel products.