Floating offshore wind power generation facility
09777713 · 2017-10-03
Assignee
Inventors
- Iku Sato (Tokyo, JP)
- Hitoshi Asano (Tokyo, JP)
- Tomoaki Utsunomiya (Kyoto, JP)
- Shigeo Yoshida (Hitachi, JP)
Cpc classification
F03D1/06
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B63B35/44
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B63B2035/446
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B63B39/005
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B63B39/06
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F03D13/10
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B63B1/048
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F03D13/22
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
Y02E10/72
GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
F03D13/25
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B63B2039/067
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F05B2240/95
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B63B2001/044
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F03D80/70
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
F05B2240/93
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B63B5/22
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B63B21/50
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F03D9/25
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B63B2035/442
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
Y02E10/727
GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
International classification
B63B5/22
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F03D13/20
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B63B35/44
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F03D1/06
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
E02D27/52
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
F03D13/25
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
B63B21/50
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B63B39/00
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B63B39/06
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
F03D9/25
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
Abstract
A floating offshore wind power generation facility includes a floating body, a mooring cable, a tower, and a windmill installed at the top of the tower, the windmill including a nacelle and a plurality of blades. The rotation axis of the windmill has a predetermined upward angle to avoid contact between the blades and the tower, and the windmill is of a downwind type in which the blades are attached to the leeward side of the nacelle and installed with the back surfaces of the blades facing windward, and the mooring point of the mooring cable to the floating body is set at a position below the surface of the sea and higher than the center of gravity of the floating body.
Claims
1. A floating offshore wind power generation facility comprising a floating body, a mooring cable, a tower, and a windmill installed at a top of the tower, the windmill including a nacelle and a plurality of blades, wherein the rotation axis of the windmill has a predetermined upward angle, and the windmill is a downwind windmill, in which the blades are attached to the leeward side of the nacelle and installed with the back surfaces of the blades facing windward, the mooring cable is attached to the floating body at a mooring point below the surface of the sea and higher than the center of gravity of the floating body, the floating body has a lower concrete floating body structure formed of concrete precast cylindrical bodies which are formed into cylindrical shapes having a same cross-sectional shape along planes which are perpendicular to an axial direction of the concrete floating body structure, and which are stacked in a direction of height, and each cylindrical body is connected along the height direction with a steel material, and wherein an upper steel floating body structure is provided on an upper part of the lower concrete floating body structure and wherein each of the concrete precast cylindrical bodies is composed of a plurality of split cylindrical bodies joined to each other along a circumferential direction of the concrete precast cylindrical bodies, each concrete precast cylindrical body comprises outer cables under tension wound around an outer circumference of the respective concrete precast cylindrical body, and wherein the cables have first ends and second ends, and the first ends are anchored to a first anchoring device on the respective concrete precast cylindrical body and the second ends are anchored to a second anchoring device on the respective concrete precast cylindrical body, wherein the first and second anchoring devices face each other along a diametrical direction of the respective concrete precast cylindrical body, and wherein each outer cable is positioned around a first circumferential side or a second circumferential side of the respective concrete precast cylindrical body and wherein a number of outer cables positioned around the first circumferential side of the respective concrete precast cylindrical body are the same as a number of outer cables positioned around the second circumferential side of the respective concrete precast cylindrical body.
2. The floating offshore wind power generation facility according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of yaw-suppressing fins protruding from a circumferential surface of the floating body are provided on the lower portion of the floating body around the circumferential surface with spacing between adjacent yaw-suppressing fins.
3. The floating offshore wind power generation facility according to claim 1, further comprising ballasts having a weight that has been determined so that, when wind acts at an average wind velocity, the blades rotate in a rotational plane that is a substantially vertical plane.
4. The floating offshore wind power generation facility according to claim 1, wherein the outer cables are spaced from one another in an axial direction of the respective concrete precast cylindrical body.
5. The floating offshore wind power generation facility according to claim 1, wherein each of the anchorage devices includes a lifting fitting for lifting the concrete precast cylindrical body.
6. The floating offshore wind power generation facility according to claim 1, wherein the split precast cylindrical bodies are formed by splitting the precast cylindrical bodies in the circumferential direction.
7. A method of producing and installing a floating offshore wind power generating facility, comprising producing and installing the floating offshore wind power generating facility of claim 1, which comprises producing the concrete floating body structure of the facility of claim 1 by stacking and joining the plurality of individual concrete precast cylindrical bodies to each other to form an integral concrete precast cylindrical body, removably winding and fastening the outer cables around the outer circumference of the integral concrete precast cylindrical body, and, after final assembly of the concrete floating body structure with other components to produce the facility of claim 1 and installing the facility of claim 1, removing the outer cables from the integral concrete precast cylindrical body.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(27) Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with, reference to the accompanying drawings.
(28) As illustrated in
(29) As shown, in
(30) The offshore wind power generation facility 1 will be described in more detail.
(31) The lower concrete floating body structure 2A includes concrete precast cylindrical bodies 12, 12 . . . and a lower half portion of a composite precast member 13. As shown in
(32) In addition, to reinforcing bars 20, sheathes 21, 21 . . . for insertion of PC steel rods 19 are buried within a wall surface circumferentially at proper intervals. Sheath, diameter expansion portions 21a that can allow a coupler for coupling between the PC steel rods 19 to be inserted, are formed at the lower end of the sheathes 21, 21, . . . , and blockout portions 22 for fitting of anchor plates for anchoring are formed on the upper part. A plurality of lifting fittings 23 are provided at the top surface.
(33) The precast cylindrical bodies 12 are connected to each other as follows. As shown in
(34) Next, as shown in
(35) Next, as shown in
(36) The upper steel floating body structure 2B includes the upper half of the composite precast, member 13 and the steel cylindrical bodies 14, 15. The lower portion of the lower steel cylindrical body 14 has an outer diameter identical to the composite precast member 13 and is connected, to the composite precast, member 13, for example, by a bolt or welding (fastening with a bolt being shown in the drawing). The upper part of the steel cylindrical body 14 has a circular truncated cone shape having a gradually reduced diameter.
(37) The upper steel cylindrical body 15 is a cylindrical body that has an outer diameter identical to the upper part outer diameter of the lower steel cylindrical body 14 and is continued from the upper part of the lower steel cylindrical body 14. The upper steel cylindrical body 15 is joined to the lower steel cylindrical body 14, for example, by a bolt or welding (fastening with a bolt being shown in the drawing).
(38) On the other hand, the tower 4 is formed of a steel material, concrete or PRC (prestressed reinforced concrete) and is preferably formed of a steel material and has a small total weight. The outer diameter of the tower 4 is substantially identical to the outer diameter of the upper steel cylindrical body 15, and the outer shape is free from a difference in level and is vertically continued. In an example shown in the drawing, a ladder 3 is provided at the upper part of the upper steel cylindrical body 15, and a corridor anchorage 10 is circumferentially provided, at a substantial boundary between the tower 4 and the upper steel cylindrical body 15.
(39) As shown in
(40) On the other hand, the nacelle 6 is a device loaded with, for example, a generator that converts the rotation of the windmill 5 to electricity, or a controller that can automatically change the angle of the blade.
(41) As shown, in
(42) According to existing literature (Proceedings of the Fourth Lecture Meeting “(5) Futai Shiki Yojo Furyoka Hatsuden No Kaihatu (Development of floating body-type offshore wind power generation),” National Maritime Research Institute), as shown in
(43) On the other hand, in the present invention, as shown in
(44) Ballast materials such as water, gravels, fine or coarse aggregates, or metallic particles are introduced into the hollow portion of the floating body 2. Preferably, the amount of the ballast material, introduced, is regulated so that, when wind acts at an average wind velocity, the rotational plane S of the blades 7 is a substantially vertical plane.
(45) On the other hand, in the present invention, as shown in
(46) The lower concrete floating body structure 2A may be such that the precast cylindrical bodies 12 and 13 have been integrated with each other in a circumferential direction. Alternatively, in large-scale offshore wind power generation facilities, as shown in
(47) The joint structure of the precast cylindrical bodies 12 and 13 may be a publicly known one. However, a joint structure of precast concrete members disclosed in JP2009-235850A is suitable. In the joint structure of the precast concrete members, embedded members for anchoring respectively joined, to reinforcing bars disposed in plural stages in the vertical direction are embedded in a joint end face of one precast concrete member. Pocket-shaped, notched grooves with an opening thereof facing the outside are formed, in the embedded member for anchoring. At the same time, notched grooves having the same shape as the above notched grooves are formed in a vertical direction of concrete. Thus, vertical grooves that are vertically continued, are formed. At the joint end face of the other precast concrete member, reinforcing bars are disposed vertically in plural stages so as to be protruded to the outside, and anchorage members fitted to the pocket-shaped notched, grooves are fixed to the tip end of the protruding reinforcing bars. Anchorage members of the reinforcing bars provided in a protruded form at the joint end face of the other precast concrete member are inserted along the vertical grooves of the one precast concrete member to join the precast concrete members to each other. In such a state that the anchorage members of the other precast concrete member are positioned in the pocket-shaped notched grooves of the embedded members for anchoring of the one precast concrete member, a grout material is filled into gaps. According to this joint structure, the necessity of welding work at the work site can be eliminated, and, at the same time, the necessary amount of grout used can be reduced. Thus, shortening of working hours and a reduced construction cost can be realized. Further, when the width of the joint portion is reduced, a good appearance can be realized.
(48) In the outer cable 31, both ends are anchored by an anchorage device 30 that serves as a tensioning end in introducing the tensioning force. As shown in
(49) As shown in
(50) In such a state that the outer cable 31 is inserted respectively into the hole 34a and the opening 34b provided in the side plates 34, 34, the bearing plate 35 is provided in a pair parallel to each other on both sides of the outer cable 31. Two support walls 39, 39 perpendicular to the bearing plates 35, 35 are provided upright between adjacent bearing prates 35, 35 corresponding to adjacent outer cables 31, 31.
(51) The anchorage device 30 is preferably provided in two places that face each other in a diametrical direction of the precast cylindrical body 12, whereby one outer cable 31 provided in a tensioned state between the anchorage devices 30, 30 on both sides is provided, so as to fasten an approximately half circumference of the precast cylindrical body 12.
(52) A lifting fitting 36 that lifts the precast cylindrical body 12 is provided in each of the anchorage devices 30, 30 on both sides. Accordingly, the necessity of separately assembling a stand for lifting can be eliminated, and the precast cylindrical body 12 can be lifted with a crane.
(53) The outer cable 31 is provided so that, with respect to the anchorage device 30, an outer cable provided halfway around one side of the precast cylindrical body 12 and an outer cable provided halfway around the other side of the precast cylindrical body 12 are disposed substantially alternately. In the example shown in the drawing, as shown in
(54) The outer cable 31 may be formed, of a PC steel rod or a PC steel strand. Preferably, however, as shown in
(55) Next, the procedure of assembling the lower concrete floating body structure 2A will be explained. As shown in
(56) Next, at the second, step, as shown in
(57) At the third step, as shown in
(58) Thereafter, as shown in
(59) At the fourth step, water-resistant coating is applied on an outer surface and an inner surface of the ring-shaped precast cylindrical body 12.
(60) At the fifth step, as shown in
(61) At the sixth step, as shown, in
(62) At the seventh step, as shown in
(63) At the eighth step, an adhesive is applied, to an end face of a joint between an already installed and connected precast cylindrical body 12 and a precast cylindrical body 12 to be newly connected, and the cylindrical bodies are axially connected to each other as stated above. Specifically, as shown in
(64) The second to eighth steps are repeated to complete a concrete floating body structure 2A.
(65) In the floating offshore wind power generation facility 1 according to the present invention, even when the lower concrete floating body structure 2A is formed by joining split precast cylindrical bodies obtained by circumferentially splitting a precast cylindrical body 12, since an outer cable 31 with a tensioning force introduced thereinto is circumferentially wound, the precast cylindrical body 12 is fastened in a circumferential direction, contributing to an increased bending strength. As a result, even when a bending stress acts on the lower concrete floating body structure 2A, for example, in work for the connection of the precast cylindrical body 12 and work for erecting the floating offshore wind power generation facility 1, deformation and damage of the concrete floating body structure 2A can be prevented.
(66) The outer cable 31 may be continuously installed even after the installation of the floating offshore wind power generation facility 1. Alternatively, since no significant bending stress acts after the installation of the floating offshore wind power generation facility 1, a method may be adopted in which the outer cable 31 is temporarily provided in assembling the floating offshore wind power generation facility 1 and can be removed after the installation of the floating offshore wind power generation facility 1.