Continuous drilling fluid circulation unit and arrangement

Abstract

A circulation unit and an arrangement are arranged to continuously circulate drilling fluid during drilling. A housing is provided with a center bore arranged to accommodate a portion of a pipe. The center bore includes upper and lower sealing elements. The sealing elements are provided with center openings which, by the expansion of said sealing elements, are closable or fit tightly against the pipe by the abutment of an inner sealing surface against the pipe. Each of the sealing elements is connected in a fluid-tight manner to a packing pipe which is located in the housing and which is rotatable around the center axis of the center bore. The packing pipe is surrounded by a packing assembly fitting tightly between the periphery of the packing pipe and the housing.

Claims

1. A circulation unit for an arrangement arranged to continuously circulate drilling fluid during drilling, in which a housing is provided with a center bore arranged to accommodate a portion of a pipe; the center bore includes upper and lower sealing elements; wherein each of the upper and lower sealing elements is provided with a center opening which, by expansion from within each of the upper and lower sealing elements into the center opening, is closable, or each of the upper and lower sealing elements due to the expansion therein fits tightly against the pipe by abutment of an inner sealing surface against the pipe, wherein each of the upper and lower sealing elements is connected in a fluid-tight manner to a packing pipe which is located in the housing and which is rotatable around the center axis of the center bore, and the packing pipe is surrounded by a packing assembly fitting tightly between the periphery of the packing pipe and the housing, and wherein an additional sealing element projects from at least one of the upper and lower sealing elements into a fluid chamber formed in the packing pipe, and is configured to close the center bore or fit tightly against the pipe by pressure from a fluid in the fluid chamber acting externally on the additional sealing element.

2. The circulation unit in accordance with claim 1, wherein the additional sealing element is provided with a self-closing pipe lead-through.

3. The circulation unit in accordance with claim 2, wherein additional sealing element is formed as a cone made from a yielding material, or an elastic material or a combination thereof.

4. The circulation unit in accordance with claim 1, wherein, between two packing assemblies, a fluid port is arranged, which is in fluid communication with the upper and lower sealing elements.

5. The circulation unit in accordance with claim 1, wherein the packing pipe is connected to a drain column projecting upwards from the packing pipe.

6. An arrangement for the continuous circulation of drilling fluid during continuous drilling, in which a circulation unit arranged between lower and upper rotary units, the circulation unit and the rotary units being vertically displaceable along a guide track, wherein at least the upper rotary unit is displaceable independently of the circulation unit; the circulation unit includes a housing provided with a center bore arranged to accommodate a portion of a pipe; the center bore includes upper and lower annular sealing elements rotatably supported in the housing; and each of the upper and lower sealing elements is provided with a center opening which, by expansion from within each of the upper and lower sealing elements, is closable, or each of the upper and lower annular sealing elements due to the expansion therein fits tightly against the pipe by abutment of an inner sealing surface against the pipe, and wherein an additional sealing element projects from at least one of the upper and lower annular sealing elements into a fluid chamber formed between the upper and lower annular sealing elements, and is configured to close the center bore or fit tightly against the pipe by pressure from a fluid in the fluid chamber acting externally on the additional sealing element.

7. The arrangement in accordance with claim 6, wherein any rotation of a drill string and any rotation of a pipe during connection to or disconnection from the drill string are provided by rotatable tongs which are arranged outside the housing of the circulation unit.

8. The arrangement in accordance with claim 6, wherein the lower rotary unit and the circulation unit are provided with a shared linear drive which is arranged to displace the rotary unit and the circulation unit in a synchronous vertical movement along the guide track.

9. The arrangement in accordance with claim 6, wherein the fluid chamber and a drain housing are each connected to a drilling-fluid plant via individually closable drilling-fluid lines connected to a valve system.

10. The arrangement in accordance with claim 6, wherein a saver sub is rotatable connected to a closable first drilling-fluid line which is connected to the drilling-fluid plant via the valve system.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In what follows, an example of a preferred embodiment is described, which is visualized in the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows an axial section through a circulation unit in accordance with the invention, such section being taken on line I-I of FIG. 2;

(3) FIG. 2 shows a side view on a smaller scale of an arrangement according to the invention, in which a drill string is rotated by an upper rotary unit and drilling fluid is supplied via a saver sub connected to the drill string, while a circulation unit and a lower rotary unit are being displaced vertically towards the upper rotary unit;

(4) FIG. 3 shows a principle drawing of the arrangement according to the invention with an axial section through the circulation unit, in which the upper end of the drill string is positioned in a fluid chamber in the circulation unit and the saver sub is disconnected from the drill string and has its lower end positioned in the fluid chamber, the drill string being rotated by the lower rotary unit and drilling fluid being supplied through the fluid chamber of circulation unit; and

(5) FIG. 4 shows the drill string in continued rotation by the lower rotary unit, and the saver sub withdrawn from the circulation unit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(6) In the drawings, the reference numeral 1 indicates a circulation unit including a housing 2, the circulation unit 1 being formed with an axial center bore 4 extending through it. The center axis of the center bore 4 coincides, in the main, with a drilling center 6. The reference numeral 6 is therefore used both for the center axis and for the drilling center.

(7) A packing pipe 8 is arranged centrally in the housing 2 and is attached at its end portions to an upper bearing ring 10 and a lower bearing ring 12, respectively. At both bearing rings 10, 12 a bearing 14 against the housing 2 is arranged. The bearings 14, which have the effect of making the packing pipe 8 with the bearing rings 10, 12 rotatable in the housing 2, are arranged to absorb any radial and axial forces that arise.

(8) Above and below a fluid port 16, which is in fluid communication with the housing 2, an upper packing assembly 18 and a lower packing assembly 20, respectively, are arranged, sealing between the housing 2 and the packing pipe 8. The packing assemblies 18, 20 may typically be so-called “wash-pipe packings”, but other known suitable seals may be used as well.

(9) Radial openings 22 are arranged in the packing pipe 8 between the packing assemblies 18, 20.

(10) An evacuation packing 24 surrounding the packing pipe 8 in the region between the fluid port 16 and the lower packing assembly 20 defines an annular space 26. An evacuation channel 28 in the packing pipe 8 extends from the annular space 26 to the lower portion of the packing pipe 8. An evacuation pump, not shown, is connected to the annular space 26 and is arranged to drain the circulation unit 1 via the annular space 26 and the evacuation channel 28.

(11) The upper bearing ring 10 is provided with an upper sealing element 30 internally. In the same way, the lower bearing ring 12 is provided with a lower sealing element 32 internally.

(12) The sealing elements 30, 32 are formed with inner center openings 33, which have sealing surfaces 34, and expansion chambers 36, which are in fluid communication with a pressure-fluid pump, not shown, via swivel couplings and valves, not shown. By supplying pressurized fluid to the expansion chambers 36, the respective sealing elements 30, 32 may be brought to close, alternatively bring the inner sealing surfaces 34 to seal against a pipe 38. The pipe 38 is shown in FIG. 2. The sealing elements 30, 32 are prevented from being displaced axially in their respective bearing rings 10, 12.

(13) In this preferred embodiment, the upper sealing element 30 is provided with a self-closing pipe lead-through 40. The self-closing pipe lead-through 40 has the form of an elastic cone projecting from the upper sealing element 30 and having a decreasing cross section in the direction of the lower sealing element 32. The self-closing pipe lead-through 40 is arranged to be fluid-tight when there is no pipe 38 in it and to rest sealingly against a pipe 38 when the pipe 38 extends through it. Fluid pressure against the outside of the self-closing pipe lead-through 40 helps to press it together or against the pipe 38.

(14) A number of packings 42 between the packing pipe 8 including the bearing rings 10, 12 and the housing 2 are arranged to, among other things, prevent an undesired ingress of fluid to the bearings 14.

(15) A volume in the housing 2 defined by the packing assemblies 18, 20 and the sealing elements 30, 32 constitutes a fluid chamber 44, which is in fluid communication with the fluid port 16.

(16) A tubular drain column 46 is connected to the upper bearing ring 10 and co-rotates therewith. The drain column 46 is provided with radial drain openings 48 in its lower portion. The purpose of the drain column 46 is to dampen the outflow of drilling fluid from a pipe 38 during disconnection.

(17) From the housing 2, a drain housing 50 projects upwards, surrounding the drain column 46. At its lower portion, the drain housing 50 is connected to a drain port 52, whereas the drain housing 50 is provided with an expandable sealing/scraper valve 54 of a design known per se at its upper portion.

(18) Reference is now made to FIG. 2. The circulation unit 1 is connected together with a lower rotary unit 60 to a linear drive 62, which is arranged to displace the circulation unit 1 and the rotary unit 60 vertically along a guide track 64 in a derrick 66.

(19) Here, an upper rotary unit 68 runs along the same guide track 64. The rotary units 60, 68, which normally comprise tongs, not shown, and a hanging-off device, are of designs known per se and are arranged to be able to hold and also rotate a drill string 70 around the drilling center 6.

(20) A drilling-fluid plant 72 with an associated valve system 74 is connected by means of a first drilling-fluid line 76 via a swivel coupling 78 to a saver sub 80, which is in the upper rotary unit 68, by means of a second drilling-fluid line 82 to the drain port 52 and by means of a third drilling-fluid line 84 to the fluid port 16.

(21) The drill string 70 includes a number of pipes 38, which are screwed together in a manner known per se by means of an upper coupling 86 and a lower coupling 88. The saver sub 80 is formed with a lower coupling 88.

(22) When a continuous drilling operation is being performed with the arrangement according to the invention, it may be performed in the following manner:

(23) In a first phase of a drilling sequence, the drill string 70 projects up through the circulation unit 1. The first drilling-fluid line 76 is connected via the swivel coupling 78 and the saver sub 80 to the drill string 70. Drilling fluid is supplied to the drill string 70 via the saver sub 80. The drill string 70 is kept in rotation by the upper rotary unit 68. The upper and lower sealing elements 30, 32 are open while the self-closing pipe lead-through 40 rests against the drill string 70, and the drill string 70 can be moved relatively freely relative to the circulation unit 1. The upper rotary unit 68 and the drill string 70 are moved downwards according to the drilling rate achieved.

(24) In a second phase of the drilling sequence, the circulation unit 1 and the lower rotary unit 60 are moved upwards towards the upper rotary unit 68. The upper coupling 86 of the upper pipe 38 of the drill string 70 and the lower coupling 88 of the saver sub 80 are moved into the fluid chamber 44 of the circulation unit 1. The drill string 70 is gripped by the lower rotary unit 60, which takes over the drill-string rotation. The saver sub 80 remains hung off in the upper rotary unit 68. The sealing elements 30, 32 are closed around the rotating drill string 70 and the saver sub 80, respectively. Drilling fluid is supplied to the fluid chamber 44 through the fluid port 16. The saver sub 80 is disconnected from the drill string 70 by the upper rotary unit 68 holding the saver sub 80 back while the lower rotary unit 60 is rotating the drill string 70, see FIG. 3. The supply of drilling fluid to the saver sub 80 is stopped. The saver sub 80 is pulled out of the fluid chamber 44 while, at the same time, the self-closing pipe lead-through 40 closes behind the saver sub 80. The upper sealing element 30 is opened and the saver sub 80 is withdrawn from the circulation unit 1 while draining at the same time via the drain port 52, see FIG. 4. The drilling operation is maintained by the rotation and displacement of the lower rotary unit 60 and the circulation unit 1, and the supply of drilling fluid is maintained through the fluid chamber 44, which is kept closed to the surroundings by means of the self-closing pipe lead-through 40 and the lower sealing element 32 fitting tightly around a portion of the drill string 70.

(25) In a third phase of the drilling sequence, a next pipe 38, which is to be joined to the drill string 70 is moved by means of a manipulator (not shown) or the like into the drilling center 6 and held fixed there. The upper rotary unit 68 rotates the saver sub 89 to connect it to the upper coupling 86 of the pipe 38. The pipe 38 is displaced by its lower coupling 88 into the circulation unit 1 while the upper sealing element 30 is open. The upper sealing element 30 closes around the pipe 38. Further displacement of the pipe 38 opens the self-closing pipe lead-through 40. Drilling fluid is supplied to the pipe 38 through the saver sub 80, after which the supply of drilling fluid through the fluid port 16 is stopped, the drill string 70 now being supplied with drilling fluid through the saver sub 80. Under rotation, the upper rotary unit 68 moves the pipe 38 to connect it to the drill string 70, the pipe 38 being rotated faster than the drill string 70. Drilling fluid is supplied to the drill string 70 through the saver sub 80. The sealing elements 30, 32 are opened, possibly after the fluid chamber 44 of the circulation unit 1 has been drained through the evacuation channel 28.

(26) The drilling operation continues by repetition from phase 1 by successively connecting new pipes 38 as the drill string 70 works its way into the underground.

(27) By means of the arrangement according to the invention, a simple system for continuous drilling-fluid supply during drilling is provided, and the drilling may be carried out under continuous progress. The central units used are uncomplicated as only one main function has been assigned to each of the units, namely:

(28) a) The upper rotary unit 68 performs the hanging off, rotation and vertical displacement of the drill string 70 or a pipe connected to the saver sub 80.

(29) b) The lower rotary unit 60 performs the hanging off, rotation and vertical displacement of the drill string 70.

(30) c) The circulation unit 1 performs fluid-tight, displaceable coupling between a drilling-fluid plant 72 and the rotating drill string 70 in cooperation with the saver sub 80 for shifting the drilling-fluid supply between a supply directly to the drill string 70 and a supply via the next pipe 38 in the connection phase.

(31) The circulation unit 1 in accordance with the invention provides an environmentally friendly handling of the drilling fluid, as any residual amounts of drilling fluid may be drained from the circulation unit 1 before the sealing elements 30, 32 are released from the drill string 70 et cetera. The packing assemblies 18, 20 of the circulation unit 1 also ensure an improved durability of bearings 14 and so on by the pressure fluid, which usually also functions as a lubricant for the bearings 14, not so easily becoming contaminated with drilling fluid as the drilling fluid is prevented by the packings 42 from penetrating into the bearings 14.

(32) By using a circulation unit 1, which has for its task only to maintain the supply of drilling fluid to the drill string 70 independently of the hanging-off and the vertical displacement of the drill string 70 and pipe 38 which is performed by the rotary units 60, 68, the adjustment of the arrangement for other pipe dimensions may be done more rationally as no intervention is needed into the closed circulation unit 1 when gripping elements and so on in the rotatable tongs and hanging-off devices, not shown, are to be replaced.

(33) By separating the circulation unit 1 from the lower rotary unit 60 by the circulation unit being provided with a separate linear drive, not shown, for vertically displacing the circulation unit 1 independently of the second rotary unit 60, further advantages may be achieved in consequence of greater operational freedom during continuous drilling with continuous drilling-fluid circulation.